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Kemal Atatürk

His Excellency
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Ataturk mirror.png
A portrait of Atatürk
1st President of Turkey
In office
29 October 1923 – 10 November 1938
Prime Minister İsmet İnönü
Ali Fethi Okyar
Celâl Bayar
Preceded by Office established
Succeeded by İsmet İnönü
Prime Minister of Turkey
In office
3 May 1920 – 24 January 1921
Deputy Fevzi Çakmak
Preceded by Office established
Succeeded by Fevzi Çakmak
1st Speaker of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey
In office
24 April 1920 – 29 October 1923
Preceded by Office established
Succeeded by Ali Fethi Okyar
Leader of the Republican People's Party
In office
9 September 1923 – 10 November 1938
Preceded by Office established
Succeeded by İsmet İnönü
Personal details
Born Ali Rıza oğlu Mustafa
(Mustafa son of Ali Rıza)

19 May 1881 (conventional)
Salonica, Salonica Vilayet, Ottoman Empire
(now Thessaloniki, Greece)
Died 10 November 1938(1938-11-10) (aged 57)
Dolmabahçe Palace, Istanbul, Turkey
Resting place Ethnography Museum, Ankara (21 November 1938 – 10 November 1953)
Anıtkabir, Ankara (from 10 November 1953)
Nationality Turkish
Political party Republican People's Party
Spouse(s) Lâtife Uşaklıgil (1923–25)
Religion Islam
Awards List (24 medals)
Signature
Military service
Allegiance  Ottoman Empire (1893–1919)
 Turkey (1921–1923)
Service/branch  Ottoman Army
Turkish Army
Rank Marshall
Commands 19th Division
16th Corps
2nd Army
7th Army
Yildirim Army Group
Army of the Grand National Assembly
Battles/wars
External timeline

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (pronounced [mustaˈfa ceˈmal aˈtaˌtyɾc]; 19 May 1881 (conventional) – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish army officer, revolutionary, and founder of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first President from 1923 until his death in 1938. His surname, Atatürk (meaning "Father of the Turks"), was granted to him in 1934 and forbidden to any other person by the Turkish parliament.

Atatürk was a career military officer in the Ottoman Empire, rising to the rank of general during World War I. Following the Empire's defeat and subsequent dissolution, he led the Turkish National Movement in the Turkish War of Independence. Having established a provisional government in Ankara, he defeated the forces sent by the Allies, eventually leading to victory in the Turkish War of Independence. Atatürk then embarked upon a program of political, economic, and cultural reforms, seeking to transform the former Ottoman Empire into a modern and secular nation-state. Under his leadership, thousands of new schools were built, primary education was made free and compulsory, and women were given equal civil and political rights, while the burden of taxation on peasants was reduced. His government also carried out an extensive policy of Turkification. The principles of Atatürk's reforms, upon which modern Turkey was established, are referred to as Kemalism. His achievements in Turkey are an enduring monument to Atatürk.


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Wikipedia

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