Jingnan Campaign
| Jingnan Campaign | |||||||
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.svg) Map of Jingnan Campaign |
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| Belligerents | |||||||
| Prince of Yan Army | Ming Government | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
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Zhu Di, Prince of Yan Zhu Gaochi Zhu Gaoxu, Prince of Gaoyang Zhang Yu (killed in action) |
Jianwen Emperor Geng Bingwen |
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| Strength | |||||||
| 120,000 | 500,000 | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
| Jingnan Campaign | |||||||||
| Chinese | 靖難之役 | ||||||||
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| Literal meaning | (靖) of crisis (難) | ||||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
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| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Jìngnàn Zhīyì |
| IPA | [dʑînnân dzípjɛ̂n] |
Decisive Prince of Yan victory
Jingnan Campaign, or Jingnan Rebellion, was a civil war in the early years of the Ming Dynasty of China between the Jianwen Emperor and his uncle Zhu Di, the Prince of Yan. It started in 1399 and lasted for 3 years. The campaign ended after the forces of Prince of Yan captured the imperial capital Nanjing. The fall of Nanjing was followed by the demise of Jianwen Emperor, and Zhu Di was crowned the Yongle Emperor.
After establishing the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang began to consolidate the authority of the royal court. He assigned territories to the members of the royal family and stationed them across the empire. These members of the royal family did not have the administrative power over their territory, but they were entitled to a personal army that ranges from 3,000 to 19,000 men. Royal members that were stationed in the northern frontier were entitled to even larger forces. For instance, the Prince of Ning was said to have an army of over 80,000 men.
The original crown prince Zhu Biao died young, and his son Zhu Yunwen was made the crown prince. Zhu Yunwen was the nephew of the territorial princes, and he felt threatened by their military power. In May 1398, Zhu Yunwen ascended the throne to become the Jianwen Emperor after the death of Zhu Yuanzhang. The princes were ordered to stay in their respective territories as the new emperor began to plan for the reduction of their military power with his close associates Qi Tai and Huang Zicheng.
Immediately after his ascension to the throne, Zhu Yunwen, now the Jianwen Emperor, began the plan to reduce the power of each territorial prince. It was proposed that the power of Prince of Yan Zhu Di should be reduced first since he had the largest territory, but the proposal was declined.
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Wikipedia