Jaén, Spain
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| Municipality | |||
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View of Paseo de España in Jaén
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| Nickname(s): La capital del Santo Reino | |||
| Motto: «Muy Noble y Muy Leal Ciudad de Jaén, Guarda y Defendimiento de los Reynos de Castilla» ("Very Noble and Loyal City of Jaén, Guard and Defense of the Kingdoms of Castile") |
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 Jaén
Jaén
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| Coordinates: 37°46′0″N 3°46′16″W / 37.76667°N 3.77111°WCoordinates: 37°46′0″N 3°46′16″W / 37.76667°N 3.77111°W | |||
| Country |
 Spain
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| Autonomous community |
 Andalusia
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| Province |
 Jaén
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| Comarca | Área Metropolitana de Jaén | ||
| Judicial district | Jaén | ||
| Government | |||
| • Alcalde | José Enrique Fernández de Moya (2011) (PP) | ||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 424.30 km2 (163.82 sq mi) | ||
| Elevation | 573 m (1,880 ft) | ||
| Highest elevation | 815 m (2,674 ft) | ||
| Lowest elevation | 330 m (1,080 ft) | ||
| Population (2009) | |||
| • Total | 120,021 | ||
| • Density | 280/km2 (730/sq mi) | ||
| Demonym(s) | Jiennense o jienense, giennense o gienense jaenero, -ra, jaenés, -sa aurgitano, -na | ||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
| Postal code | 23001–23009 | ||
| Dialing code | 0034 953 | ||
| Website | www |
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Jaén (Spanish pronunciation: [xaˈen]) is a city in south-central Spain. The name is derived, with all probability, from the Roman name "villa Gaena" (village of Gaius), which the Arabs called Yayyan. It is the capital of the province of Jaén. It is located in the autonomous community of Andalusia.
The inhabitants of the city are known as Jiennenses. Its population is 116,731 (2012), about one-sixth of the population of the province. Recently Jaén has had a great increase in cultural tourism, having received 604,523 tourists along the year 2015, 10% more than in 2014. The city is also known as the World Capital of Olive Oil, because it is the biggest producer of the oil, known by locals as liquid gold.
The layout of Jaén is determined by its position in the hills of the Santa Catalina mountains, with steep, narrow streets, in the historical central city district. The city of Jaén is the administrative and industrial centre for the province. Industrial establishments in the city include chemical works, tanneries, distilleries, cookie factories, textile factories, as well as agricultural and olive oil processing machinery industry. On 1 April 1938, during the Spanish Civil War, the city was bombed by the Nazis.
The motto of the city is: (Spanish) "Muy Noble y muy Leal Ciudad de Jaén, Guarda y Defendimiento de los Reynos de Castilla", (English) "Very Noble and very Loyal City of Jaén, Guard and Defense of the Kingdoms of Castile". This title was given by King Enrique II of Castile to the city of Jaén, due to the privileges that the city had, and to the role that the city was playing in the defense of the kingdom of Castile against the Moors.
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