János Neumann

John von Neumann
John von Neumann in the 1940s
Born	Neumann János Lajos (1903-12-28)December 28, 1903 Budapest, Austria-Hungary
Died	February 8, 1957(1957-02-08) (aged 53) Washington, D.C., U.S.
Citizenship	Hungary, United States
Fields	Mathematics, physics, statistics, economics, computer science
Institutions	University of Berlin Princeton University Institute for Advanced Study Los Alamos Laboratory
Alma mater	University of Pázmány Péter ETH Zürich
Thesis	Az általános halmazelmélet axiomatikus felépítése (1925)
Doctoral advisor	Lipót Fejér
Other academic advisors	László Rátz
Doctoral students	Donald B. Gillies Israel Halperin
Other notable students	Paul Halmos Clifford Hugh Dowker Benoit Mandelbrot
Known for	Abelian von Neumann algebra Affiliated operator Amenable group Arithmetic logic unit Artificial viscosity Axiom of regularity Axiom of limitation of size Backward induction Blast wave (fluid dynamics) Bounded set (topological vector space) Carry-save adder Cellular automata Class (set theory) Computer virus Commutation theorem Continuous geometry Coupling constants Decoherence theory (Quantum mechanics) Density matrix Direct integral Duality Theorem Durbin–Watson statistic EDVAC Ergodic theory explosive lenses Game theory Hilbert's fifth problem Hyperfinite type II factor Inner model Inner model theory Interior point method Lattice theory Lifting theory Merge sort Middle-square method Minimax theorem Monte Carlo method Mutual assured destruction Normal-form game Operation Greenhouse Operator theory Pointless topology Polarization identity Pseudorandomness Pseudorandom number generator Quantum mutual information Quantum statistical mechanics Radiation implosion Rank ring Self-replication Software whitening Spectral theory Standard probability space Stone–von Neumann theorem Subfactor Ultrastrong topology Von Neumann algebra Von Neumann architecture Von Neumann bicommutant theorem Von Neumann cardinal assignment Von Neumann cellular automaton Von Neumann interpretation Von Neumann measurement scheme Von Neumann Ordinals Von Neumann universal constructor Von Neumann entropy Von Neumann Equation Von Neumann neighborhood Von Neumann paradox Von Neumann regular ring Von Neumann–Bernays–Gödel set theory Von Neumann universe Von Neumann conjecture Von Neumann's inequality Von Neumann's trace inequality Von Neumann stability analysis Von Neumann extractor Von Neumann ergodic theorem Von Neumann–Morgenstern utility theorem ZND detonation model
Notable awards	Bôcher Memorial Prize (1938) Navy Distinguished Civilian Service Award (1946) Medal for Merit (1946) Medal of Freedom (1956) Enrico Fermi Award (1956)
Children	Marina von Neumann Whitman
Signature

John von Neumann (/vɒn ˈnɔɪmən/; Hungarian: Neumann János Lajos, pronounced [ˈnɒjmɒn ˈjaːnoʃ ˈlɒjoʃ]; December 28, 1903 – February 8, 1957) was a Hungarian-American mathematician, physicist, inventor, computer scientist, and polymath. He made major contributions to a number of fields, including mathematics (foundations of mathematics, functional analysis, ergodic theory, geometry, topology, and numerical analysis), physics (quantum mechanics, hydrodynamics, and quantum statistical mechanics), economics (game theory), computing (Von Neumann architecture, linear programming, self-replicating machines, ), and statistics.