Ion Antonescu
|
Marshal Ion Victor Antonescu |
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|---|---|
 |
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| Conducător of Romania | |
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In office September 6, 1940 – August 23, 1944 |
|
| Preceded by | Carol II (as King of Romania) |
| Succeeded by | none |
| Prime Minister of Romania | |
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In office September 5, 1940 – August 23, 1944 |
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| Monarch |
Carol II Michael |
| Preceded by | Ion Gigurtu |
| Succeeded by | Constantin Sănătescu |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
June 15, 1882 Pitești, Argeș County, Romania |
| Died | June 1, 1946 (aged 63) Jilava, Ilfov County, Romania |
| Nationality | Romanian |
| Political party | None |
| Spouse(s) | Maria Antonescu |
| Profession | Soldier |
| Religion | Romanian Orthodox |
| Awards | Order of Michael the Brave |
| Military service | |
| Nickname(s) | Câinele Roșu ("Red Dog") |
| Allegiance | Kingdom of Romania |
| Service/branch | Romanian Land Forces |
| Years of service | 1904–1944 |
| Rank | Marshal of Romania |
| Commands | Commander-in-Chief of the Romanian Armed Forces |
| Battles/wars |
Second Balkan War World War I World War II |
| a. ^ Formally allied with the Iron Guard (1940–41) | |
Ion Victor Antonescu (Romanian pronunciation: [iˈon antoˈnesku]; June 15, 1882 – June 1, 1946) was a Romanian soldier and authoritarian politician who, as the Prime Minister and Conducător during most of World War II, presided over two successive wartime dictatorships. After the war, he was convicted of war crimes and executed.
A Romanian Army career officer who made his name during the 1907 peasants' revolt and the World War I Romanian Campaign, the antisemitic Antonescu sympathized with the far right and fascist National Christian and Iron Guard groups for much of the interwar period. He was a military attaché to France and later Chief of the General Staff, briefly serving as Defense Minister in the National Christian cabinet of Octavian Goga. During the late 1930s, his political stance brought him into conflict with King Carol II and led to his detainment. Antonescu nevertheless rose to political prominence during the political crisis of 1940, and established the National Legionary State, an uneasy partnership with the Iron Guard's leader Horia Sima. After entering Romania into an alliance with Nazi Germany and the Axis and ensuring Adolf Hitler's confidence, he eliminated the Guard during the Legionary Rebellion of 1941. In addition to leadership of the executive, he assumed the offices of Foreign Affairs and Defense Minister. Soon after Romania joined the Axis in Operation Barbarossa, recovering Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, Antonescu also became Marshal of Romania.
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