Ibn al-Manzur

Ibn Manẓūr
Born	Muhammad ibn Mukarram ibn `Alī ibn Ahmad ibn Manzūr al-Ansārī al-Ifrīqī al-Misrī al-Khazrajī Jamāl al-Dīn Abū al-Fadl محمد بن مكرم بن علي بن أحمد بن منظور الأنصاري الإفريقي المصري الخزرجي جمال الدين أبو الفضل June/ July 1233 North Africa
Died	December 1311/ January 1312 (aged 78-79) Cairo, Bahri Mamluks, now Egypt
Occupation	Lexicographer, Judge qadi in Tripoli, Libya and Egypt, Clerk in Diwan al-Insha'
Notable works	Lisān al-ʿArab (completed in 1290) Al-Maṭbaʿa al-Kubra al-Amirīya,

Ibn Manẓūr (Arabic: ابن منظور) (June–July 1233 - December 1311/January 1312) was a Libyan lexicographer of the Arabic language and author of a large dictionary called Lisān al-ʿArab (the tongue of the Arabs). His full name was: Muhammad ibn Mukarram ibn `Alī ibn Ahmad ibn Manzūr al-Ansārī al-Ifrīqī al-Misrī al-Khazrajī Jamāl al-Dīn Abū al-Fadl (Arabic محمد بن مكرم بن علي بن أحمد بن منظور الأنصاري الإفريقي المصري الخزرجي جمال الدين أبو الفضل)

Ibn Manzur was born in 1233. He was of North African Arab descent, from the Banu Khazraj tribe of Ansar as the name al-Ansārī al-Ifrīqī al-Misrī al-Khazrajī suggests, and was reported to have been born in either Ifriqiya (Algeria, Tunisia, Libya) or Egypt. Ibn Hajar reports that he was a judge (qadi) in Tripoli, Libya and Egypt and spent his life as clerk in the Diwan al-Insha', an office that was responsible among other things for correspondence, archiving and copying.Fück assumes to be able to identify him with Muḥammad b. Mukarram, who was one of the secretaries of this institution (the so called Kuttāb al-Inshāʾ) under Qalawun. Following Brockelmann, Ibn Manzur studied philology. He dedicated most of his life to excerpts from works of historical philology. He is said to have left 500 volumes of this work. He died around the turn of the years 1311/1312 in Cairo.

The Lisān al-ʿArab () (لسان العرب, "Tongue of Arabs") was completed by Ibn Manzur in 1290. Occupying 20 printed book volumes (in the most frequently cited edition), it is the most well-known dictionary of the Arabic language, as well as one of the most comprehensive. Ibn Manzur compiled it from other sources, to a large degree. The most important sources for it were the Tahdhīb al-Lugha of Azharī, the Muḥkam of Ibn Sidah, the Nihāya of al-Dhahabi and Jauhari's Ṣiḥāḥ as well as the glosses of the latter (Kitāb at-Tanbīh wa-l-Īḍāḥ) by Ibn Barrī. It follows the Ṣiḥāḥ in the arrangement of the roots: The headwords are not arranged by the alphabetical order of the radicals as usually done today in the study of Semitic languages, but according to the last radical - which makes finding rhyming endings significantly easier. Furthermore, the Lisan al-Arab notes its direct sources, but not or seldom their sources, making it hard to trace the linguistic history of certain words. Murtaḍá al-Zabīdī corrected this in his Tāj al-ʿArūs, that itself goes back to the Lisan. The Lisan, according to Ignatius d'Ohsson, was already printed in the 18th century in Istanbul, thus fairly early for the Islamic world.

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