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History of Brazil (1930–1945)

Republic of the United States of Brazil (1889–1937)
República dos Estados Unidos do Brasil

United States of Brazil (1937–1967)
Estados Unidos do Brasil
1930–1945
Flag Coat of arms
Motto
"Ordem e Progresso"
"Order and Progress"
Anthem
Hino Nacional Brasileiro
Brazilian National Anthem
Globe focused on South America with Brazil highlighted in green
Capital Rio de Janeiro
Languages Portuguese
Government Republic under dictatorship
President
 •  1930–1945 Getúlio Vargas
 •  1945–1946 José Linhares
Provisional Military Junta
 •  1930 Augusto Tasso Fragoso
Isaías de Noronha
Mena Barreto
Legislature National Parliament
 •  Upper house Federal Council
 •  Lower house Chamber of Deputies
Historical era Interbellum · World War II
 •  Revolution of 1930 3 November 1930
 •  Adoption of new Constitution 16 July 1934
 •  Communist Uprising 23 November 1935
 •  Estado Novo (dictatorship) 10 November 1937
 •  Brazil's entering WWII 22 August 1942
 •  Vargas Deposition 29 October 1945
Area
 •  1903 8,515,767 km² (3,287,956 sq mi)
Population
 •  1940 est. 41 236 315 
Currency Brazilian real (1930-1942)
Cruzeiro (1942-1946)
Preceded by
Succeeded by
First Brazilian Republic
Second Brazilian Republic


The Vargas Era (Portuguese: Era Vargas; Brazilian Portuguese: ['ɛɾɐ 'vaɾgɐs]) is the period in the history of Brazil between 1930 and 1945, when the country was under the dictatorship of Getúlio Dornelles Vargas.

The Brazilian Revolution of 1930 marked the end of the Old Republic. President Washington Luís was deposed; the swearing-in of President-elect Julio Prestes was blocked, on the grounds that the election had been rigged by his supporters; 1891 Constitution was abrogated, National Congress was dissolved and the provisional military junta ceded power to Vargas. Federal intervention in State governments increased and the political landscape was altered by suppressing the traditional oligarchies of São Paulo and Minas Gerais states.

The Vargas Era comprises three successive phases:

The deposition of Getúlio Vargas and his Estado Novo regime in 1945 and the subsequent re-democratization of Brazil with the adoption of a new Constitution in 1946 mark the end of the Vargas Era and the beginning of the period known as the Second Brazilian Republic.

The tenente rebellion did not mark the revolutionary breakthrough for Brazil's bourgeois social reformers, but the ruling paulista coffee oligarchy could not withstand the economic meltdown of 1929.

Brazil's vulnerability to the Great Depression had its roots in the economy's heavy dependence on foreign markets and loans. Despite limited industrial development in São Paulo, the export of coffee and other agricultural products was still the mainstay of the economy.


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