Getúlio Dornelles Vargas
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His Excellency Getúlio Vargas |
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Vargas in 1930
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| 14th and 17th President of Brazil | |
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In office 3 November 1930 – 29 October 1945 |
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| Vice President | None |
| Preceded by | |
| Succeeded by | José Linhares |
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In office 31 January 1951 – 24 August 1954 |
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| Vice President | Café Filho |
| Preceded by | Eurico Gaspar Dutra |
| Succeeded by | Café Filho |
| 13th President of Rio Grande do Sul | |
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In office 25 January 1928 – 8 October 1930 |
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| Vice President | João Neves da Fontoura |
| Preceded by | Borges de Medeiros |
| Succeeded by | Osvaldo Aranha |
| Minister of Finance | |
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In office 15 November 1926 – 17 December 1927 |
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| President | Washington Luís |
| Preceded by | Aníbal Freire da Fonseca |
| Succeeded by | Oliveira Botelho |
| Member of the Federal Senate | |
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In office 31 January 1946 – 30 January 1951 |
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| Constituency |
Rio Grande do Sul (38th Legislature) |
| Member of the Chamber of Deputies | |
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In office 3 May 1923 – 15 November 1926 |
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| Constituency |
Rio Grande do Sul (33rd Legislature) |
| Member of a Legislative Assembly | |
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In office 25 January 1917 – 3 May 1923 |
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| Constituency |
Rio Grande do Sul (32nd to 34th Legislatures) |
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In office 25 January 1909 – 25 January 1913 |
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| Constituency |
Rio Grande do Sul (30th Legislature) |
| 3rd Academic of the 37th chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters | |
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In office 29 December 1943 – 24 August 1954 |
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| Preceded by | Alcântara Machado |
| Succeeded by | Assis Chateaubriand |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
Getúlio Dornelles Vargas 19 April 1882 São Borja, Rio Grande do Sul, Empire of Brazil |
| Died | 24 August 1954 (aged 72) Catete Palace, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
| Cause of death | Suicide |
| Resting place | Praça XV de Novembro, São Borja, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil |
| Nationality | Brazilian |
| Political party |
Rio Republican (1909–1930) Independent (1930–1946) Brazilian Labour (1946–1954) |
| Spouse(s) | Darci Sarmanho (m. 1911) |
| Children | Lutero (1912–89) Jandira (1913–80) Alzira (1914–92) Manuel (1916–97) Getúlio Filho (1917–43) |
| Alma mater | UFRGS Law School |
| Occupation | Statesman |
| Profession | Lawyer |
| Religion | Roman Catholic |
| Signature |  |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |
 Brazil
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| Service/branch | Brazilian Army |
| Years of service | 1898–1902 |
| Rank | Corporal |
| Unit | 6th Infantry Battalion |
Getúlio Dornelles Vargas (Portuguese: [ʒeˈtulju doɾˈnɛlis ˈvaɾɡɐs]; 19 April 1882 – 24 August 1954) was a Brazilian lawyer and politician, who served as President of Brazil during two periods. First was from 1930-1945, when he served as interim president from 1930-1934, President from 1934-1937, and dictator from 1937-1945. After being overthrown in a 1945 coup, Vargas returned to power as the democratically elected president in 1951, serving until his suicide in 1954. Vargas led Brazil for 18 years, the longest of any President, and second in Brazilian history only to Emperor Pedro II among heads of state. He favored nationalism, industrialization, centralization, social welfare and populism – for the latter, Vargas won the nickname "The Father of the Poor". Vargas is one of a number of populists who arose during the 1930s in Latin America, including Lazaro Cardenas and Juan Peron who promoted nationalism and pursued social reform. He was a proponent of workers' rights as well as a staunch anti-communist.
Vargas was brought to power by political outsiders and the of the Armed Forces in the Revolution of 1930, a reaction to his loss in elections earlier that year. His ascent marked the end of the Brazilian Old Republic and São Paulo-Minas alliance dominated coffee with milk politics. He successfully influenced the outcome of the Brazilian presidential election of 1934, and used fears of a Communist uprising to institute an authoritarian corporatist regime in 1937 known as the New State, modeled off of Mussolini's Italy and Salazar's Portugal. Vargas went on to appease and eventually dominate his supporters, and pushed his political agenda as he built a propaganda machine around his figure.
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