Haplogroup R (mtDNA)
| Haplogroup R | |
|---|---|
_%26_subclades.PNG) |
|
| Possible time of origin | 66,000 YBP |
| Possible place of origin | Indian subcontinent |
| Ancestor | N |
| Descendants | R0, R1, R2'JT, R3, R5, R6'7, R8, R9, R11'B, R12'21, R14, R22, R23, R30, R31, P, U |
| Defining mutations | 12705, 16223 |
Haplogroup R is a widely distributed (mtDNA) haplogroup. It is the most common macro-haplogroup in West Eurasia.
Haplogroup R is a descendant of macro-haplogroup N. Among its descendant haplogroups are B, U (and thus K), F, R0 (and thus HV, H, and V), and JT (the ancestral haplogroup of J and T).
As of June 2009, the most recent study dates the origin of haplogroup R to 66.8kya (thousand years ago) with a 95% confidence interval of 52.6-81kya.
South Asia lies on the way of earliest dispersals from Africa and is therefore a valuable well of knowledge on early human migrations. The analysis of the indigenous haplogroup R lineages in India points to a common first spread of the root haplotypes of M, N, and R along the southern route some 60–70 kya.
Haplogroup R has wide diversity and antiquity among varied ethnic status and different language families in South Asia. In Indian western region among the various castes and southern region among the tribes show higher haplogroup diversity than the other regions, possibly suggesting their autochthonous status.
Haplogroup R and its descendants are distributed all over Europe, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, the Near East, the Indian Subcontinent, Oceania and the Americas.
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