Haplogroup T (mtDNA)

Haplogroup T
Possible time of origin	25,149 ± 4,668 years before present
Possible place of origin	Near East
Ancestor	JT
Descendants	T1 and T2
Defining mutations	G709A, G1888A, A4917G, G8697A, T10463C, G13368A, G14905A, A15607G, G15928A, C16294T

Haplogroup T is a (mtDNA) haplogroup. It is believed to have originated around 25,000 years ago in the Near East.

Mitochondrial haplogroup T derives from the haplogroup J'T, which also gave rise to mtDNA haplogroup J. The T clade is thought to have emanated from the Near East (Bermisheva 2002).

Basal haplogroup T* is found among Algerians in Oran (1.67%) and Reguibate Sahrawi (0.93%). It is also distributed among the Socotri (1.2%).

Haplogroup T is a widespread haplogroup throughout Western and Central Eurasia with varying degrees of prevalence and certainly might have been present in other groups from the surrounding areas. T is found in approximately 10% of native Europeans. It is also common among modern day Iranians. Based on a sample of over 400 modern day Iranians (Kivisild and Metspalu 2003), the T haplogroup represents roughly 8.3% of the population (about 1 out of 12 individuals), with the more specific T1 subtype constituting roughly half of those. Furthermore, the specific subtype T1 tends to be found further east and is common in Central Asian and modern Turkic populations (Lalueza-Fox 2004), who inhabit much of the same territory as the ancient Saka, Sarmatian, Andronovo, and other putative Iranian peoples of the 2nd and 1st millennia BC. Lalueza-Fox et al. (2004) also found several T and T1 sequences in ancient burials, including Kurgans, in the Kazakh steppe between the 14th-10th centuries BC, as well as later into the 1st millennia BC. These coincide with the latter part of the Andronovo period and the Saka period in the region.

Haplogroup T is currently found with high concentrations around the eastern Baltic Sea.

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