Haplogroup F (mtDNA)

Haplogroup F
Possible time of origin	43,400 YBP
Possible place of origin	Asia
Ancestor	R9
Descendants	F1, F2, F3, F4
Defining mutations	249d, 6392, 10310

Haplogroup F is a (mtDNA) haplogroup. The clade is most common in East Asia and South East Asia. It has not been found among Native Americans.

It is a primary branch of haplogroup of haplogroup R9b.

F is fairly common in East Asia High frequencies occur in Lahu from Yunnan (33% - 77%, average 52%), Nicobar Islands (50%), Shors from Kemerovo Oblast of Siberia (41%), and Arunachal Pradesh, India (31%). There is also an important frequency in Taiwanese aborigines, Khakas, Kets, Han Chinese (and, thus, nearly all of China), Lombok, Sumba, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its distribution extends with low frequency to the Tharu of southern Nepal and the Bashkirs of the southern Urals.

Haplogroup F also occurs at low frequencies on the Comoros Islands (<10%).

F1a clearly predominates among the representatives of haplogroup F in Southeast Asia, but subclades of this haplogroup have been found in populations as far north as the Buryats of Siberia.

F1b tends to become more frequent as a fraction of total F in populations of the northern parts of East Asia and Central Asia, such as Mongols, Kazakhs, Uyghurs, and Japanese, but it is most frequent as a fraction of the total population in areas inhabited by Tai peoples, such as Thailand, Guangxi, and southern Yunnan. It is also notably frequent among the Yi people. There are odd exclaves of F1b in Gaininsk Bashkirs of Perm Oblast and Croats of Hvar Island.

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