Haitian revolution
Haitian Revolution |
Part of the Atlantic Revolutions, French Revolutionary Wars, and Napoleonic Wars. |
![San Domingo.jpg](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/San_Domingo.jpg/300px-San_Domingo.jpg) Battle at San Domingo, a painting by January Suchodolski, depicting a struggle between Polish troops in French service and the slave rebels and freed revolutionary soldiers |
Date |
21 August 1791 – 1 January 1804
(12 years, 4 months, 1 week and 4 days) |
Location |
Saint-Domingue |
Result |
Haitian victory
|
Territorial
changes |
Independent Empire of Haiti established |
|
Belligerents |
1791–1793
Ex-slaves
French royalists
Spain (from 1793)
1793–1798
French royalists
Great Britain
Spain (until 1796)
1798–1801
Louverture Loyalists
1802–1804
Ex-slaves
United Kingdom
|
1791–1793
Slave owners
Kingdom of France (until 1792)
French Republic
1793–1798
French Republic
1798–1801
Rigaud Loyalists
Spain
1802–1804
French Republic
Spain
|
Commanders and leaders |
1791–1793
Dutty Boukman †
Georges Biassou
Vincent Ogé ![Executed](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Skull_and_crossbones.svg/14px-Skull_and_crossbones.svg.png)
André Rigaud
1793–1798
Paul-Louis Dubuc
Thomas Maitland
Joaquín Moreno
1798–1801
Toussaint Louverture
1802–1804
Toussaint Louverture ![Surrendered](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/14px-White_flag_icon.svg.png)
Jean-Jacques Dessalines
Henri Christophe
Alexandre Pétion
François Capois
John Duckworth
John Loring
|
1791–1793
Viscount de Blanchelande
Léger-Félicité Sonthonax
1793–1798
Toussaint Louverture
André Rigaud
Alexandre Pétion
1798–1801
André Rigaud
1802–1804
Napoleon Bonaparte
Charles Leclerc †
Vicomte de Rochambeau ![Surrendered](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/14px-White_flag_icon.svg.png)
Villaret de Joyeuse
Federico Gravina
|
Strength |
Regular army: 55,000,
Volunteers: 100,000+
31,000 |
Regular army: 60,000,
86 warships and frigates |
Casualties and losses |
Haitians: 200,000 dead
British: 45,000 dead |
France: 75,000 dead |
White colonists: 25,000 |
North American slave revolts
|
![Général Toussaint Louverture.jpg](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_Toussaint_Louverture.jpg/140px-G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_Toussaint_Louverture.jpg) |
-
1526 San Miguel de Gualdape
(Spanish Florida, Victorious)
-
c. 1570 Gaspar Yanga's Revolt
(Veracruz, New Spain, Victorious)
-
1712 New York Slave Revolt
(British Province of New York, Suppressed)
-
1730 First Maroon War
(British Jamaica, Victorious)
-
1733 St. John Slave Revolt
(Danish Saint John, Suppressed)
-
1739 Stono Rebellion
(British Province of South Carolina, Suppressed)
-
1741 New York Conspiracy
(Province of New York, Suppressed)
-
1760 Tacky's War
(British Jamaica, Suppressed)
-
1791 Mina Conspiracy
(Louisiana (New Spain), Suppressed)
-
1795 Pointe Coupée Conspiracy
(Louisiana (New Spain), Suppressed)
-
1791–1804 Haitian Revolution
(French Saint-Domingue, Victorious)
-
1800 Gabriel Prosser
(Virginia, Suppressed)
-
1803 Igbo Landing
(St. Simons Island, Georgia, Suppressed)
-
1805 Chatham Manor
(Virginia, Suppressed)
-
1811 German Coast Uprising
(Territory of Orleans, Suppressed)
-
1815 George Boxley
(Virginia, Suppressed)
-
1816 Bussa's Rebellion
(British Barbados, Suppressed)
-
1822 Denmark Vesey
(South Carolina, Suppressed)
-
1831 Nat Turner's rebellion
(Virginia, Suppressed)
-
1831–1832 Baptist War
(British Jamaica, Suppressed)
-
1839 Amistad, ship rebellion
(Off the Cuban coast, Victorious)
-
1841 Creole case, ship rebellion
(Off the Southern U.S. coast, Victorious)
-
1842 Slave Revolt in the Cherokee Nation
(Indian Territory, Suppressed)
-
1859 John Brown's Raid
(Virginia, Suppressed)
|
Haitian victory
1791–1793
Slave owners
Kingdom of France (until 1792)
French Republic
1793–1798
French Republic
The Haitian Revolution (French: Révolution haïtienne [ʁevɔlysjɔ̃ ajisjɛ̃n]), was a successful anti-slavery and anti-colonial insurrection that took place in the former French colony of Saint-Domingue that lasted from 1791 until 1804. It affected the institution of slavery throughout the Americas. Self-liberated slaves destroyed slavery at home, fought to preserve their freedom, and with the collaboration of mulattoes, founded the sovereign state of Haiti. It led to the greatest slave uprising since Spartacus's unsuccessful revolt against the Roman Republic nearly 1,900 years prior.
...
Wikipedia