Gurmukhi script
| Gurmukhi |
|
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Languages |
Predominantly: Others: |
|
Time period
|
16th century CE |
|
Parent systems
|
|
|
Sister systems
|
|
| Direction | Left-to-right |
| ISO 15924 | Guru, 310 |
|
Unicode alias
|
Gurmukhi |
| U+0A00–U+0A7F | |
Gurmukhi (IPA: [ɡʊɾmʊkʰi]) (Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ) is one of three scripts for writing the Punjabi language. Gurumukhi was modified, standardized and used by Guru Angad (1563–1606), the second Sikh Guru, which gives it the name "Gurmukhi" or "from the Guru's mouth". It is a Sikh script particularly used for Sikhism and in official documents in parts of India and elsewhere, while Muslim Punjabis in Pakistan use the Persian script, and Hindu Punjabis in India use the Gurmukhi or Nāgarī script.
The primary religious scripture of Sikhism, Guru Granth Sahib is written in the Gurmukhī alphabet, in various dialects – including Lahnda (Western Punjabi), Braj Bhasha, Khariboli, Sanskrit, Sindhi and Persian – often coalesced under the generic title of Sant Bhasha.
Modern Gurmukhī has thirty-eight consonants (akhar), 10 vowel symbols (lāga mātrā), two symbols for nasal sounds (pair bindi and ṭippī), and one symbol which duplicates the sound of any consonant (addak). In addition, four conjuncts are used: three subjoined forms of the consonants Rara, Haha and Vava, and one half-form of Yayya. Use of the conjunct forms of Vava and Yayya is increasingly scarce in modern contexts.
The Gurmukhi script has roots in the Brahmi script like many north Indian languages. Though it appears quite different from other Indic scripts, a closer examination reveals it is very similar to other Indo-Aryan scripts such as the Devanagari, except for pronounced angles and structural emphasis.
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Wikipedia