Phoenician alphabet
| Phoenician alphabet |
|
|---|---|
 |
|
| Type | |
| Languages | Phoenician, Punic |
|
Time period
|
c. 1200–150 BC |
|
Parent systems
|
Egyptian hieroglyphs
|
|
Child systems
|
Paleo-Hebrew alphabet Aramaic alphabet Greek alphabet ?Brahmi script ?Libyco-Berber ?Paleohispanic scripts |
|
Sister systems
|
South Arabian alphabet |
| Direction | Right-to-left |
| ISO 15924 | Phnx, 115 |
|
Unicode alias
|
Phoenician |
| U+10900–U+1091F | |
| Phoenician | |
|---|---|
| Range | U+10900..U+1091F (32 code points) |
| Plane | SMP |
| Scripts | Phoenician |
| Assigned | 29 code points |
| Unused | 3 reserved code points |
| Unicode version history | |
| 5.0 | 27 (+27) |
| 5.2 | 29 (+2) |
| Note: | |
The Phoenician alphabet, called by convention the Proto-Canaanite alphabet for inscriptions older than around 1050 BC, is the oldest verified alphabet. The Phoenician alphabet is an abjad consisting of 22 letters, all consonants, with matres lectionis used for some vowels in certain late varieties. It was used for the writing of Phoenician, a Northern Semitic language, used by the civilization of Phoenicia.
Some think that the Phoenician alphabet is derived from Egyptian hieroglyphs. It became one of the most widely used writing systems, spread by Phoenician merchants across the Mediterranean world, where it evolved and was assimilated by many other cultures. The Paleo-Hebrew alphabet was directly derived from Phoenician. Another derivative script is the Aramaic alphabet, which was the ancestor of the modern Arabic script. The Modern Hebrew script is a stylistic variant of the Aramaic script. The Greek alphabet (and by extension its descendants, such as Latin, Cyrillic, and Coptic) was also derived from Phoenician.
As the letters were originally incised with a stylus, most of the shapes are angular and straight, although more cursive versions are increasingly attested in later times, culminating in the Neo-Punic alphabet of Roman-era North Africa. Phoenician was usually written from right to left, although there are some texts written in boustrophedon.
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Wikipedia