Guanqiu Jian

Guanqiu Jian
General of Cao Wei
Born	(Unknown)
Died	255
Names
Traditional Chinese	毌丘儉
Simplified Chinese	毌丘俭
Pinyin	Guànqiū Jiǎn
Wade–Giles	Kuan-ch'iu Chien
Courtesy name	Zhonggong (Chinese: 仲恭; pinyin: Zhònggōng; Wade–Giles: Chung-kung)

Guanqiu Jian (died 255), courtesy name Zhonggong, was a military general of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period.

Guanqiu Jian was favored by the Wei emperor Cao Rui. In 237, he led an army to Liaodong to attack the warlord Gongsun Yuan but the campaign was aborted due to floods. The following year, Guanqiu Jian and Sima Yi led another campaign against Gongsun Yuan and conquered Liaodong. In recognition of his efforts during the campaign, Cao Rui granted Guanqiu Jian the title of "Marquis of Anyi" (安邑候).

In 244, Guanqiu Jian led a punitive expedition to Goguryeo, leading to the Goguryeo–Wei Wars. He defeated the Goguryeo army led by King Dongcheon near the Tongjia River and then occupied the capital Hwando. During the follow-up campaign in the next year, he occupied the capital again and forced Dongcheon to flee southeast. A subsection of the army reached the eastern coast of the peninsula and another reached northern Manchuria, but soon retreated. In commemoration of the victory, a stone carving was raised during the campaign. A piece of the monument was discovered in 1905. It is known as "Stele of Guanqiu Jian's inscribed achievements" (毌丘儉紀功碑).

In 255, Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin started a rebellion in Shouchun against the regent Sima Shi, who seized control of Wei's state power. Some scholars consider that he rebelled because he remained loyal to the Wei imperial family and was displeased with the Sima clan usurping power. Other sources tell that he was close to Xiahou Xuan, who was executed by Sima Shi, so he feared for his life after learning of Xiahou's death. Guanqiu Jian's rebellion was eventually suppressed by Sima Shi and most of his family members were killed, while the surviving ones fled to Wei's rival state Eastern Wu.

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