Goguryeo–Wei Wars

Goguryeo–Wei Wars
Part of the wars of the Three Kingdoms period
Date 244-245 Location Manchuria and the Korean peninsula Result Decisive Cao Wei victory
Belligerents
Cao Wei	Goguryeo Okjeo Ye
Commanders and leaders
Guanqiu Jian Wang Qi Liu Mao Gong Zun	King Dongcheon Marquis of Bunai
Strength
1st: 10,000 2nd: Unknown	1st: 20,000 2nd: Unknown
Casualties and losses
6,000?	8,000~18,000

Goguryeo–Wei War
Traditional Chinese	曹魏與高句麗的戰爭
Simplified Chinese	曹魏与高句丽的战争
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Cáo Wèi yǔ Gāogōulì de zhànzhēng

Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Cáo Wèi yǔ Gāogōulì de zhànzhēng

The Goguryeo–Wei War was a series of invasions of the proto-Korean kingdom of Goguryeo from 244 to 245 by the Chinese state of Cao Wei.

The invasions, a retaliation against a Goguryeo raid in 242, destroyed the Goguryeo capital of Hwando, sent its king fleeing, and broke the tributary relationships between Goguryeo and the other tribes of Korea that formed much of Goguryeo's economy. Although the king evaded capture and eventually settled in a new capital, Goguryeo was reduced to such insignificance that for half a century there was no mention of the state in Chinese historical texts.

By the time Goguryeo reappeared in Chinese annals, the state had evolved into a much more powerful political entity—thus the Wei invasion was identified by historians as a watershed moment in Goguryeo history that divided the different stages of Goguryeo's growth. In addition, the second campaign of the war included the furthest expedition into Manchuria by a Chinese army up to that time and was therefore instrumental in providing the earliest descriptions of the peoples who lived there.

The polity of Goguryeo developed among the peoples of Manchuria and the Korean Peninsula during the 1st and 2nd century BC as the Chinese Han dynasty extended its control to Northeast Asia, creating the Four Commanderies of Han. As it grew and centralized, Goguryeo increasingly contacted and conflicted with China. Gogeryeo consolidated its power by conquering the territories on the north of the peninsula which were under Chinese rule. When the power of the Han dynasty declined to internal turmoils in the 2nd century AD, the warlord Gongsun Du came to control the commanderies of Liaodong (遼東) and Xuantu, directly adjacent to Goguryeo. Gongsun Du's faction often quarreled with Goguryeo despite initial cooperation, and the conflict culminated in the Goguryeo succession feud of 204, which Gongsun Du's successor Gongsun Kang exploited. Though the candidate supported by Gongsun Kang was eventually defeated, the victor Sansang of Goguryeo was compelled to move his capital southeast from Jolbon (present-day Huanren Town, Liaoning) on the Hunjiang River (渾江) to Hwando (present-day Ji'an, Jilin) on the Yalu River, which offered better protection. Gongsun Kang moved in and restored order to the Lelang Commandery and established the new Daifang Commandery by splitting the southern part of Lelang.

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