General Francisco Franco
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Generalissimo Francisco Franco |
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|---|---|
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| Caudillo of Spain | |
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In office 1 October 1936 – 20 November 1975 |
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| Preceded by |
Miguel Cabanellas as President of the Technical State Junta of the Nationalist side José Miaja as President of the Defence Council of the Republican side |
| Succeeded by |
Rodríguez de Valcárcel as President of the Regency Juan Carlos I as King of Spain |
| President of the Government of Spain | |
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In office 30 January 1938 – 8 June 1973 |
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| Preceded by |
Francisco Gómez-Jordana as President of the Technical State Junta of the Nationalist side José Miaja as President of the Defence Council of the Republican side |
| Succeeded by | Luis Carrero Blanco |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
Francisco Franco Bahamonde 4 December 1892 Ferrol, Galicia, Spain |
| Died | 20 November 1975 (aged 82) Madrid, Spain |
| Resting place |
Valle de los Caídos, Spain 40°38′31″N 4°09′19″W / 40.641944°N 4.155278°W |
| Nationality | Spanish |
| Political party | Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las JONS |
| Spouse(s) | Carmen Polo |
| Children | María del Carmen |
| Residence | El Pardo, Madrid |
| Alma mater | Infantry Academy of Toledo |
| Signature |  |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |
 Kingdom of Spain (1907–1931) Second Spanish Republic (1931–1936) Francoist Spain (1936–1975)
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| Service/branch |
.svg){kind=small} Spanish Armed Forces
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| Years of service | 1907–1975 |
| Rank |
 Chief of the General Staff
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| Commands | All (Generalissimo) |
| Battles/wars |
Rif War (WIA) Spanish Civil War Ifni War |
Francisco Franco Bahamonde (Spanish pronunciation: [fɾanˈθisko ˈfɾaŋko ba.aˈmonde]; 4 December 1892 – 20 November 1975) was a Spanish general who ruled over Spain as a military dictator for 36 years from 1939 until his death.
As a conservative and a monarchist, he opposed the abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of a republic in 1931. With the 1936 elections, the conservative Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Right-wing Groups lost by a narrow margin and the leftist Popular Front came to power. Intending to overthrow the republic, Franco followed other generals in attempting a failed coup that precipitated the Spanish Civil War. With the death of the other generals, Franco quickly became his faction's only leader.
Franco gained military support from various regimes and groups, especially Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, while the Republican side was supported by Spanish communists and anarchists as well as the Soviet Union, Mexico and the International Brigades. Franco personally requested the Bombing of Guernica in 1937. Franco won the war, which claimed half a million lives, in 1939. He established a military dictatorship, which he defined as a totalitarian state. Franco proclaimed himself Head of State and Government under the title El caudillo, a term similar to Il duce (Italian) for Benito Mussolini and Der Führer (German) for Adolf Hitler. In April 1937, Franco merged the fascist and traditionalist political parties in the rebel zone, as well as other conservative and monarchist elements, into FET y de las JONS, outlawing the rest of political parties, thus Spain became a one-party state.
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