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General Francisco Franco

Generalissimo
Francisco Franco
Francisco Franco durante una competición de regatas en la bahía de la Concha (1 de 8) - Fondo Marín-Kutxa Fototeka.jpg
Caudillo of Spain
In office
1 October 1936 – 20 November 1975
Preceded by Miguel Cabanellas
as President of the Technical State Junta of the Nationalist side
José Miaja
as President of the Defence Council of the Republican side
Succeeded by Rodríguez de Valcárcel
as President of the Regency
Juan Carlos I
as King of Spain
President of the Government of Spain
In office
30 January 1938 – 8 June 1973
Preceded by Francisco Gómez-Jordana
as President of the Technical State Junta of the Nationalist side
José Miaja
as President of the Defence Council of the Republican side
Succeeded by Luis Carrero Blanco
Personal details
Born Francisco Franco Bahamonde
(1892-12-04)4 December 1892
Ferrol, Galicia, Spain
Died 20 November 1975(1975-11-20) (aged 82)
Madrid, Spain
Resting place Valle de los Caídos, Spain
40°38′31″N 4°09′19″W / 40.641944°N 4.155278°W / 40.641944; -4.155278
Nationality Spanish
Political party Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las JONS
Spouse(s) Carmen Polo
Children María del Carmen
Residence El Pardo, Madrid
Alma mater Infantry Academy of Toledo
Signature
Military service
Allegiance Spain Kingdom of Spain (1907–1931)
Second Spanish Republic Second Spanish Republic (1931–1936)
Francoist Spain Francoist Spain (1936–1975)
Service/branch Coat of Arms of Spain (1945-1977).svg Spanish Armed Forces
Years of service 1907–1975
Rank Vintagedivi1.png Chief of the General Staff
Commands All (Generalissimo)
Battles/wars Rif War (WIA)
Spanish Civil War
Ifni War

Francisco Franco Bahamonde (Spanish pronunciation: [fɾanˈθisko ˈfɾaŋko ba.aˈmonde]; 4 December 1892 – 20 November 1975) was a Spanish general who ruled over Spain as a military dictator for 36 years from 1939 until his death.

As a conservative and a monarchist, he opposed the abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of a republic in 1931. With the 1936 elections, the conservative Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Right-wing Groups lost by a narrow margin and the leftist Popular Front came to power. Intending to overthrow the republic, Franco followed other generals in attempting a failed coup that precipitated the Spanish Civil War. With the death of the other generals, Franco quickly became his faction's only leader.

Franco gained military support from various regimes and groups, especially Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, while the Republican side was supported by Spanish communists and anarchists as well as the Soviet Union, Mexico and the International Brigades. Franco personally requested the Bombing of Guernica in 1937. Franco won the war, which claimed half a million lives, in 1939. He established a military dictatorship, which he defined as a totalitarian state. Franco proclaimed himself Head of State and Government under the title El caudillo, a term similar to Il duce (Italian) for Benito Mussolini and Der Führer (German) for Adolf Hitler. In April 1937, Franco merged the fascist and traditionalist political parties in the rebel zone, as well as other conservative and monarchist elements, into FET y de las JONS, outlawing the rest of political parties, thus Spain became a one-party state.


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