Gaozu of Later Jin
| Shi Jingtang | |||||||||||||||||
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| Emperor Gaozu of (Later) Jin (more...) | |||||||||||||||||
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| 1st emperor of Later Jin | |||||||||||||||||
| Reign | 28 November 936 – 28 July 942 | ||||||||||||||||
| Successor | Shi Chonggui (Emperor Chu), nephew | ||||||||||||||||
| Born |
30 March 892 Taiyuan, Tang Empire (in today's Yangqu County, Taiyuan, Shanxi) |
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| Died | 28 July 942 (aged 50) Ye, Later Jin Empire (today's Linzhang County, Hebei) |
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| Burial | in today's Yiyang County, Henan 34°37′19.86″N 112°5′42.01″E / 34.6221833°N 112.0950028°E | ||||||||||||||||
| Spouse | Empress Li | ||||||||||||||||
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| Father | Shi Shaoyong (石紹雍) | ||||||||||||||||
| Mother | Lady He (何氏) | ||||||||||||||||
| Full name | |
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Family name: Shí () Given name: Jìngtáng () |
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| Era dates | |
| Tiānfú () Year 1: 28 November 936 – 12 February 937 Year 2: 13 February 937 – 1 January 938 Year 3: 2 January 938 – 22 January 939 Year 4: 23 January 939 – 10 February 940 Year 5: 11 February 940 – 29 January 941 Year 6: 30 January 941 – 19 February 942 Year 7: 20 January 942 – 7 February 943 |
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| Posthumous name | |
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Short: Never used short Full: Emperor Shèngwén Zhāngwǔ Míngdé Xiào () |
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| Temple name | |
| Gāozǔ (; "High Forefather") |
| Shi Jingtang | |||||||||||||||
| Chinese | |||||||||||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
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| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Shí Jìngtáng |
| Wade–Giles | Shih2 Ching4-t'ang2 |
| IPA | [ʂǐ tɕîŋ.tʰǎŋ] |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Jyutping | Sek6 Ging3-tong4 |
Shi Jingtang (石敬瑭) (30 March 892 – 28 July 942), also known by his temple name Gaozu (高祖), was the founding emperor of imperial China's short-lived Later Jin during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, reigning from 936 until his death.
Likely of Shatuo descent ethnically, he was an important military general for the Later Tang before rebelling in 936. To overthrow Later Tang he enlisted the help of the Khitan-ruled Liao state, not only humiliating himself as Emperor Taizong of Liao's adopted son (even though he was 10 years older) but also yielding the strategically crucial Sixteen Prefectures to Liao after his rise to power — an event that would shape the Chinese political landscape for the next 200 years.
Shi Jingtang was likely of Shatuo descent. The official history Old History of the Five Dynasties stated that his family was originally descended from Shi Que (石碏), an official of the Spring and Autumn period state Wey, through the Han prime minister Shi Fen (石奮), and further stated that Shi Fen's descendants fled west when Han fell, settling in what would eventually become Gan Prefecture (甘州, in modern Zhangye, Gansu), apparently in an attempt to try to link Shi with a Han Chinese ancestry despite the Shatuo origin. Under the Old History of the Five Dynasties account, his great-great-grandfather, whose name was given as Shi Jing (石璟), followed the Shatuo chieftain Zhuye Zhiyi (朱邪執宜) in submitting to Tang, and was settled, along with the rest of the Shatuo people under Zhuye, in Tang territory. Shi Jingtang's father Nieliji (臬捩雞), who was referred to by the Han Chinese name Shi Shaoyong (石紹雍), was said to be a successful general under Zhuye Zhiyi's grandson Li Keyong, who was an important late-Tang warlord, and Li Keyong's son Li Cunxu, who ruled the independent state of Jin after Tang's fall. The other official history for the period, the New History of the Five Dynasties, apparently was skeptical of this account of Shi Jingtang's ancestry, and instead merely gave Nieliji's name, further stating that it was unclear when or how he received the surname of Shi.
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