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French North America

New France
Nouvelle-France
Colony of France
1534–1763
Flag Royal Coat of arms
Motto
Montjoie Saint Denis!
"Mountjoy Saint Denis!"
Anthem
Marche Henri IV
"March of Henry IV"
New France in 1750 (blue)
Capital Quebec
Languages French
Religion Roman Catholic
Political structure Autonomous colony
King
 •  1534–1547 Francis I (first)
 •  1715–1763 Louis XV (last)
Viceroy
 •  1534–1541 Jacques Cartier (first)
 •  1755–1760 Pierre de Rigaud (last)
Legislature Sovereign Council
Historical era Colonial Era
 •  Voyage of 1534 24 July 1534
 •  Foundation of Quebec 3 July 1608
 •  Treaty of Utrecht 11 April 1713
 •  Capitulation of Quebec 18 September 1759
 •  Capitulation of Montreal 8 September 1760
 •  Treaty of Paris 10 February 1763
Currency New France livre
Succeeded by
Province of Quebec
Nova Scotia
Newfoundland
Louisiana
Today part of  Canada
 United States
 France (as Flag of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon.svg French Overseas collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon)

New France (French: Nouvelle-France) was the area colonized by France in North America during a period beginning with the exploration of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence by Jacques Cartier in 1534 and ending with the cession of New France to Spain and Great Britain in 1763. At its peak in 1712 (before the Treaty of Utrecht), the territory of New France, also sometimes known as the French North American Empire or Royal New France, extended from Newfoundland to the Canadian prairies and from Hudson Bay to the Gulf of Mexico, including all the Great Lakes of North America.

The territory was divided into five colonies, each with its own administration: Canada, Hudson's Bay, Acadia, Newfoundland (Plaisance), and Louisiana. The Treaty of Utrecht resulted in the relinquishing of French claims to mainland Acadia, the Hudson Bay and Newfoundland, and the establishment of the colony of Île Royale, now called Cape Breton Island, where the French built the Fortress of Louisbourg. Acadia had a difficult history, with the Great Upheaval, remembered on July 28 each year since 2003. The descendants are dispersed in the Maritime Provinces of Canada, in Maine and Louisiana in the United States, with small populations in Chéticamp, Nova Scotia and the Magdalen Islands.


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