Fracisco Franco
|
Generalissimo His Excellency Francisco Franco |
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|---|---|
Franco in 1964
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| Caudillo of Spain | |
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In office 1 October 1936 – 20 November 1975 |
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| Preceded by |
Miguel Cabanellas as President of the Technical State Junta of the Nationalist side José Miaja as President of the Defence Council of the Republican side |
| Succeeded by |
Rodríguez de Valcárcel as President of the Regency Juan Carlos I as King of Spain |
| Prime Minister of Spain | |
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In office 30 January 1938 – 8 June 1973 |
|
| Vice President |
Francisco Gómez-Jordana General Agustín Muñoz Grandes Admiral Luis Carrero Blanco |
| Preceded by |
Francisco Gómez-Jordana as President of the Technical State Junta of the Nationalist side José Miaja as President of the Defence Council of the Republican side |
| Succeeded by | Luis Carrero Blanco |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
Francisco Franco Bahamonde 4 December 1892 Ferrol, Galicia, Kingdom of Spain |
| Died | 20 November 1975 (aged 82) Madrid, Spain |
| Resting place |
Valle de los Caídos, Spain 40°38′31″N 4°09′19″W / 40.641944°N 4.155278°W |
| Nationality | Spanish |
| Political party | Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las JONS |
| Spouse(s) | Carmen Polo |
| Children | María del Carmen |
| Residence | El Pardo, Madrid |
| Alma mater | Infantry Academy of Toledo |
| Signature |  |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |
 Kingdom of Spain (1907–1931) Second Spanish Republic (1931–1936) Francoist Spain (1936–1975)
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| Service/branch |
.svg){kind=small} Spanish Armed Forces
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| Years of service | 1907–1975 |
| Rank |
Captain General of the Army Captain General of the Air Force Captain General of the Navy |
| Commands | All (Generalissimo) |
| Battles/wars |
Rif War (WIA) Revolution of 1934 Spanish Civil War Ifni War |
Francisco Franco Bahamonde (/ˈfræŋkoʊ/;Spanish: [fɾanˈθisko ˈfɾaŋko βa.aˈmonde]; 4 December 1892 – 20 November 1975) was a Spanish general who ruled over Spain as a military dictator from 1939, after the Nationalist victory in the Spanish Civil War, until his death in 1975. This period in Spanish history is commonly known as Francoist Spain.
As a conservative and a monarchist, Franco opposed the abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of a democratic secular republic in 1931. With the 1936 elections, the conservative Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Right-wing Groups lost by a narrow margin, and the leftist Popular Front came to power. Intending to overthrow the republic, Franco followed other generals in attempting a failed coup that precipitated the Spanish Civil War. With the death of the other generals, Franco quickly became his faction's only leader. Franco gained military support from various regimes and groups, especially Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, while the Republican side was supported by Spanish communists and anarchists as well as the Soviet Union, Mexico, and the International Brigades. It is disputed among historians whether Franco personally ordered, requested or knew of before hand the German and Italian aerial bombing of Guernica in 1937. In 1939, Franco won the war, which claimed half a million lives. He established a military dictatorship, which he defined as a totalitarian state. Franco proclaimed himself Head of State and Government under the title El caudillo, a term similar to Il duce (Italian) for Benito Mussolini and Der Führer (German) for Adolf Hitler. In April 1937, Franco merged the fascist and traditionalist political parties in the rebel zone (FE de las JONS and Traditionalist Communion), as well as other conservative and monarchist elements, into FET y de las JONS, outlawing the rest of political parties and thus Spain became a one-party state.
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