First Saudi State
| Emirate of Diriyah | ||||||||||||||
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إمارة الدرعية ‘Imāra ad-Dir‘iyya |
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| Capital | Diriyah | |||||||||||||
| Languages | Arabic | |||||||||||||
| Religion | Wahhabi Islam | |||||||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | |||||||||||||
| Imam | ||||||||||||||
| • | 1744–1765 | Muhammad bin Saud | ||||||||||||
| • | 1765–1803 | Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad | ||||||||||||
| • | 1803–1814 | Saud bin Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad bin Saud | ||||||||||||
| • | 1814–1818 | Abdullah bin Saud | ||||||||||||
| History | ||||||||||||||
| • | Diriyah agreement | 1744 | ||||||||||||
| • | Ottoman–Wahhabi War | 1818 | ||||||||||||
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| Today part of |
 Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Qatar Iraq Oman Yemen Jordan
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Flag of Diriyah
The Emirate of Diriyah was the first Saudi state. It was established in the year 1744 (1157 A.H.) when Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab and Prince Muhammad bin Saud formed an alliance to establish a new religious sect and political sovereignty against orthodox Sunni Islam as they understood it. In 1744, both Muhammed bin Abd Al Wahhab and Muhammad bin Saud took an oath to achieve their goal. Marriage between Muhammad bin Saud's son, Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad, and the daughter of the Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab helped to seal the pact between their families which has lasted through the centuries to present day.
The House of Saud and its allies quickly rose to become the dominant sovereignty in Arabia by first conquering Najd, and then expanding their influence over the eastern coast which measures from Kuwait down to the northern borders of Oman. Furthermore, Saud's forces brought the highlands of 'Asir under their suzerainty, while Muhammed bin Abd Al Wahhab wrote letters to people and scholars to enter the field of jihad. After many military campaigns, Saud died in 1765, leaving the leadership to his son, Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad. Saud's forces went so far as to gain command of the Shi'a holy city of Karbala in 1801. Here they destroyed grave markers of saints and monuments and killed over 5000 civilians. Muhammed bin Abd Al Wahhab died in 1792. In 1803, eleven years after Wahhab's death, the son of Abdul Aziz Bin Muhammad, Saud bin Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad bin Saud, sent out forces to bring the region of Hejaz under his rule.Ta'if was the first city to be captured, and later the two holy cities of Mecca and Medina. This was seen as a major challenge to the authority of the Ottoman Empire, which had exercised its rule over the holy cities since 1517.
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Wikipedia