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First Battle of Bapaume

Operation Michael
Part of the Western Front of World War I
Somme-1918 battlefield copy.jpg

Evolution of the front line during the battle
Date 21 March – 5 April 1918
Location Northern France
Result See the Aftermath section
Belligerents
 German Empire

United Kingdom British Empire

France France

United States United States
Commanders and leaders
German Empire Erich Ludendorff United Kingdom Douglas Haig
France Ferdinand Foch
Strength
72 divisions 26 plus 3 cavalry
23 French divisions later
Casualties and losses
239,800 177,739 British
77,000 French
77 American

United Kingdom British Empire

France France

Operation Michael was a major German military offensive during the First World War that began the Spring Offensive on 21 March 1918. It was launched from the Hindenburg Line, in the vicinity of Saint-Quentin, France. Its goal was to break through the Allied (Entente) lines and advance in a north-westerly direction to seize the Channel ports, which supplied the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) and to drive the BEF into the sea. Two days later General Ludendorff, the Chief of the German General Staff, changed his plan and pushed for an offensive due west, along the whole of the British front north of the River Somme. This was designed to separate the French and British Armies and crush the British forces by pushing them into the sea. The offensive ended at Villers-Bretonneux, to the east of the Allied communications centre at Amiens, where the Allies managed to halt the German advance; the German Armies had suffered many casualties and were unable to maintain supplies to the advancing troops.


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