Fallopian tube cancer
| Fallopian tube cancer | |
|---|---|
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| Micrograph of serous carcinoma, a type of cancer that arises in the uterine tube. | |
| Classification and external resources | |
| Specialty | oncology |
| ICD-10 | C57.0, D28.2 |
| ICD-9-CM | 183.2, 221.0 |
| MeSH | D005185 |
Primary fallopian tube cancer (PFTC), often just tubal cancer, is a malignant neoplasm that originates from the fallopian tube.
Tubal cancer is thought to be a relatively rare primary cancer among women accounting for 1 to 2 percent of all gynecologic cancers, In the USA tubal cancer had an incidence of 0.41 per 100,000 women from 1998 to 2003. Demographic distribution is similar to ovarian cancer, and the highest incidence was found in white, non-Hispanic women and women aged 60–79. However, recent evidence suggests tubal cancer to be much more frequent .
Evidence is accumulating that individuals with mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 are at higher risks for the development of PFTC.
The most common cancer type is the adenocarcinoma; in the largest series of 3,051 cases as reported by Stewart et al. 88% of cases fell into this category. According to them half of the cases were poorly differentiated, 89% unilateral, and the distribution showed a third each with local, regional, and distant extensions. Rarer forms of tubal neoplasm include the leiomyosarcoma, and the transitional cell carcinoma.
As the tumor is often enmeshed with the adjacent ovary it may be the pathologist and not the surgeon who will determine that the lesion is indeed tubal in origin.
Secondary tubal cancer usually originates from cancer of the ovaries, the endometrium, the GI tract, the peritoneum, and the breast.
The internal location of the fallopian tubes makes it difficult to reach an early diagnosis. Symptoms are nonspecific and may consist of pain and vaginal discharge or bleeding. A pelvic mass may be detected on a routine gynecologic examination.
Vaginal discharge in fallopian tube carcinoma result from intermittent hydrosalphinx that is called as hydrops tubae profluens.
A pelvic examination may detect an adnexal mass. A CA-125 blood test is a nonspecific test that tends to be elevated in patients with tubal cancer. More specific tests are a gynecologic ultrasound examination, a CT scan, or an MRI of the pelvis. Occasionally, an early fallopian tube cancer may be detected serendipitously during pelvic surgery.
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