Eugene Wigner

Eugene Wigner
Born	Eugene Paul Wigner (1902-11-17)November 17, 1902 Budapest, Austria-Hungary
Died	January 1, 1995(1995-01-01) (aged 92) Princeton, New Jersey, US
Citizenship	American (post-1937) Hungarian (pre-1937)
Fields	Theoretical physics Atomic physics Nuclear physics Solid-state physics
Institutions	University of Göttingen University of Wisconsin–Madison Princeton University Manhattan Project
Alma mater	Technical University of Berlin
Doctoral advisor	Michael Polanyi
Other academic advisors	László Rátz Richard Becker
Doctoral students	John Bardeen Victor Frederick Weisskopf Marcos Moshinsky Abner Shimony Edwin Thompson Jaynes Frederick Seitz Conyers Herring Frederick Tappert J O Hirschfelder
Known for	Bargmann–Wigner equations Law of conservation of parity Wigner D-matrix Wigner–Eckart theorem Wigner's friend Wigner semicircle distribution Wigner's classification Wigner distribution function Wigner quasi-probability distribution Wigner crystal Wigner effect Wigner energy Wigner lattice Relativistic Breit–Wigner distribution Modified Wigner distribution function Wigner–d'Espagnat inequality Gabor–Wigner transform Wigner's theorem Jordan–Wigner transformation Newton–Wigner localization Wigner-Inonu contraction Wigner–Seitz cell Wigner–Seitz radius Thomas-Wigner rotation Wigner–Weyl transform Wigner-Wilkins Spectra 6-j symbol 9-j symbol
Notable awards	Medal for Merit (1946) Franklin Medal (1950) Enrico Fermi Award (1958) Atoms for Peace Award (1959) Max Planck Medal (1961) Nobel Prize in Physics (1963) National Medal of Science (1969) Albert Einstein Award (1972) Wigner Medal (1978)
Spouse	Amelia Frank (1936–1937; her death) Mary Annette Wheeler (1941–1977; her death; 2 children) Eileen Clare-Patton Hamilton (1 child) (died November 21, 2010)
Signature

Eugene Paul "E. P." Wigner (Hungarian: Wigner Jenő Pál; November 17, 1902 – January 1, 1995), was a Hungarian-American theoretical physicist, engineer and mathematician. He received half of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1963 "for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles".

A graduate of the Technical University of Berlin, Wigner worked as an assistant to Karl Weissenberg and Richard Becker at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin, and David Hilbert at the University of Göttingen. Wigner and Hermann Weyl were responsible for introducing group theory into physics, particularly the theory of symmetry in physics. Along the way he performed ground-breaking work in pure mathematics, in which he authored a number of mathematical theorems. In particular, Wigner's theorem is a cornerstone in the mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics. He is also known for his research into the structure of the atomic nucleus. In 1930, Princeton University recruited Wigner, along with John von Neumann, and he moved to the United States.

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