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Eugene Wigner

Eugene Wigner
Wigner.jpg
Born Eugene Paul Wigner
(1902-11-17)November 17, 1902
Budapest, Austria-Hungary
Died January 1, 1995(1995-01-01) (aged 92)
Princeton, New Jersey, US
Citizenship American (post-1937)
Hungarian (pre-1937)
Fields Theoretical physics
Atomic physics
Nuclear physics
Solid-state physics
Institutions University of Göttingen
University of Wisconsin–Madison
Princeton University
Manhattan Project
Alma mater Technical University of Berlin
Doctoral advisor Michael Polanyi
Other academic advisors László Rátz
Richard Becker
Doctoral students John Bardeen
Victor Frederick Weisskopf
Marcos Moshinsky
Abner Shimony
Edwin Thompson Jaynes
Frederick Seitz
Conyers Herring
Frederick Tappert
J O Hirschfelder
Known for Bargmann–Wigner equations
Law of conservation of parity
Wigner D-matrix
Wigner–Eckart theorem
Wigner's friend
Wigner semicircle distribution
Wigner's classification
Wigner distribution function
Wigner quasi-probability distribution
Wigner crystal
Wigner effect
Wigner energy
Wigner lattice
Relativistic Breit–Wigner distribution
Modified Wigner distribution function
Wigner–d'Espagnat inequality
Gabor–Wigner transform
Wigner's theorem
Jordan–Wigner transformation
Newton–Wigner localization
Wigner-Inonu contraction
Wigner–Seitz cell
Wigner–Seitz radius
Thomas-Wigner rotation
Wigner–Weyl transform
Wigner-Wilkins Spectra
6-j symbol
9-j symbol
Notable awards Medal for Merit (1946)
Franklin Medal (1950)
Enrico Fermi Award (1958)
Atoms for Peace Award (1959)
Max Planck Medal (1961)
Nobel Prize in Physics (1963)
National Medal of Science (1969)
Albert Einstein Award (1972)
Wigner Medal (1978)
Spouse Amelia Frank (1936–1937; her death)
Mary Annette Wheeler (1941–1977; her death; 2 children)
Eileen Clare-Patton Hamilton (1 child) (died November 21, 2010)
Signature

Eugene Paul "E. P." Wigner (Hungarian: Wigner Jenő Pál; November 17, 1902 – January 1, 1995), was a Hungarian-American theoretical physicist, engineer and mathematician. He received half of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1963 "for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles".

A graduate of the Technical University of Berlin, Wigner worked as an assistant to Karl Weissenberg and Richard Becker at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin, and David Hilbert at the University of Göttingen. Wigner and Hermann Weyl were responsible for introducing group theory into physics, particularly the theory of symmetry in physics. Along the way he performed ground-breaking work in pure mathematics, in which he authored a number of mathematical theorems. In particular, Wigner's theorem is a cornerstone in the mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics. He is also known for his research into the structure of the atomic nucleus. In 1930, Princeton University recruited Wigner, along with John von Neumann, and he moved to the United States.


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