Emperor Xiaozong of Song
| Emperor Xiaozong of Song |
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| Emperor of the Song dynasty | |||||||||||||
| Reign | 24 July 1162 – 18 February 1189 | ||||||||||||
| Predecessor | Emperor Gaozong | ||||||||||||
| Successor | Emperor Guangzong | ||||||||||||
| Retired Emperor of the Song dynasty | |||||||||||||
| Reign | 18 February 1189 – 28 June 1194 | ||||||||||||
| Born | Zhao Bocong (1127–1133) Zhao Yuan (1133–1160) Zhao Wei (1160–1162) Zhao Shen (1162–1194) 27 November 1127 |
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| Died | 28 June 1194 (aged 66) | ||||||||||||
| Empress |
Empress Chengmu Empress Chenggong Empress Chengsu |
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| Concubines | Consort Cai Consort Li |
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| House | House of Zhao | ||||||||||||
| Father | Zhao Zicheng | ||||||||||||
| Mother | Lady Zhang | ||||||||||||
| Era dates | |
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| Longxing (隆興; 1163–1164) Qiandao (乾道; 1165–1173) Chunxi (淳熙; 1174–1189) |
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| Posthumous name | |
| Shaotong Tongdao Guande Zhaogong Zhewen Shenwu Mingsheng Chengxiao Huangdi (紹統同道冠德昭功哲文神武明聖成孝皇帝) (awarded in 1197) |
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| Temple name | |
| Xiaozong (孝宗) |
| Emperor Xiaozong of Song | |||||||
| Chinese | 宋孝宗 | ||||||
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| Literal meaning | "Filial Ancestor of the Song" | ||||||
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| Zhao Shen | |||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 趙眘 | ||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 赵眘 | ||||||
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| Yuanyong (courtesy name) |
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| Chinese | 元永 | ||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
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| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Sòng Xiàozōng |
| Transcriptions | |
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| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Zhào Shèn |
| Transcriptions | |
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| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Yuányǒng |
Emperor Xiaozong of Song (27 November 1127 – 28 June 1194), personal name Zhao Shen, courtesy name Yuanyong, was the 11th emperor of the Song dynasty in China and the second emperor of the Southern Song dynasty. He started his reign in 1162 when his adoptive father and predecessor, Emperor Gaozong, abdicated and passed the throne to him. Even though Emperor Gaozong became a Taishang Huang ("Retired Emperor") after his abdication, he remained the de facto ruler, so Emperor Xiaozong only fully took over the reins of power in 1187 after Emperor Gaozong's death. After ruling for about a year, Emperor Xiaozong followed in his predecessor's footsteps and abdicated in favour of his third son Zhao Dun (Emperor Guangzong), while he became Taishang Huang and still remained in power until his death in 1194.
Zhao Shen's birth name was Zhao Bocong (趙伯琮). In March 1133, after he entered the imperial palace, his name was changed to Zhao Yuan (趙瑗). In April 1160, after he was adopted by Emperor Gaozong, his name was changed to Zhao Wei (趙瑋). In July 1162, when Zhao Shen became crown prince, his name was changed again to Zhao Shen (趙眘).
Zhao Shen was given the courtesy name Yuangui (元瑰) in May 1160. In July 1162, when he became crown prince, his courtesy name was changed to Yuanyong (元永).
Zhao Shen was a seventh-generation descendant of Emperor Taizu, the founder and first emperor of the Song dynasty. He was the second son of Zhao Zicheng (趙子偁; died 1143), a sixth cousin of Emperor Gaozong, the 10th Song emperor. After the Jingkang Incident in 1127, Emperor Gaozong's father, eldest brother and most of his close relatives were taken prisoner by the Jurchen-led Jin Empire. As Emperor Gaozong's only son, Zhao Fu (趙旉), died prematurely around the age of two, the emperor ordered his officials to start searching for other living descendants of the imperial family. Zhao Shen was discovered and adopted by Emperor Gaozong in April 1160 as a son. In July 1162, Emperor Gaozong officially designated Zhao Shen as his crown prince and heir apparent.
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