Emperor Lizong of Song |
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Emperor of the Song dynasty | |||||||||||||
Reign | 17 September 1224 – 16 November 1264 | ||||||||||||
Predecessor | Emperor Ningzong | ||||||||||||
Successor | Emperor Duzong | ||||||||||||
Born | Zhao Yuju (1205–1222) Zhao Guicheng (1222–1224) Zhao Yun (1224–1264) 26 January 1205 |
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Died | 16 November 1264 | (aged 59)||||||||||||
Empress | Xie Daoqing | ||||||||||||
Concubines |
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Issue |
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House | House of Zhao | ||||||||||||
Father | Zhao Xilu | ||||||||||||
Mother | Lady Cixian |
Era dates | |
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Baoqing (寶慶; 1225–1227) Shaoding (紹定; 1228–1233) Duanping (端平; 1234–1236) Jiaxi (嘉熙; 1237–1240) Chunyou (淳祐; 1241–1252) Baoyou (寶祐; 1253–1258) Kaiqing (開慶; 1259) Jingding (景定; 1260–1264) |
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Posthumous name | |
Jiandao Beide Dagong Fuxing Liewen Renwu Shengming Anxiao Huangdi (建道備德大功復興烈文仁武聖明安孝皇帝) |
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Temple name | |
Lizong (理宗) |
Emperor Lizong of Song | |||||||
Chinese | 宋理宗 | ||||||
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Literal meaning | "Reasonable Ancestor of the Song" | ||||||
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Zhao Yun | |||||||
Traditional Chinese | 趙昀 | ||||||
Simplified Chinese | 赵昀 | ||||||
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Zhao Yuju | |||||||
Traditional Chinese | 趙與莒 | ||||||
Simplified Chinese | 赵与莒 | ||||||
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Zhao Guicheng | |||||||
Traditional Chinese | 趙貴誠 | ||||||
Simplified Chinese | 赵贵诚 | ||||||
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Transcriptions | |
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Standard Mandarin | |
Hanyu Pinyin | Sòng Lǐzōng |
Transcriptions | |
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Standard Mandarin | |
Hanyu Pinyin | Zhào Yún |
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Standard Mandarin | |
Hanyu Pinyin | Zhào Yǔjú |
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Standard Mandarin | |
Hanyu Pinyin | Zhào Guìchéng |
Emperor Lizong of Song (26 January 1205 – 16 November 1264), personal name Zhao Yun, was the 14th emperor of the Song dynasty in China and the fifth emperor of the Southern Song dynasty. He reigned from 1224 to 1264. Although he was a descendant of the Song dynasty's founder Zhao Kuangyin (Emperor Taizu) and hence a member of the imperial clan, Zhao Yun was not in line to succeed to the throne as his family had no political status. Shi Miyuan (史彌遠), who was the chancellor for many years, collaborated with Empress Dowager Yang and brought Zhao Yun to the throne.
Emperor Lizong's long reign of 40 years did little to improve the predicament of the Song Empire in his time. The emperor was uninterested in governmental affairs, and for the first decade of his rule he delegated matters into the hands of his ministers, notably Shi Miyuan, who was the de facto ruler in his absence. After Shi Miyuan's death in 1233, Emperor Lizong assumed full authority briefly but again quickly abandoned the responsibility of ruling and delegated matters to his chancellor Ding Daquan in order to pursue personal enjoyment. It was said that the emperor frequented brothels and invited prostitutes into the palace, which was vehemently opposed by his ministers.
Notable events during Emperor Lizong's reign included the demise of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty in 1234, which was obliterated by the joint forces of the Mongol Empire and Song Empire. The Jurchens had fought multiple wars with the Song Empire decades before it was conquered by the Mongols. However, in 1259, the Mongols turned against the Song Empire. The Song government was forced to capitulate and cede all territories north of the Yangtze River to the Mongols. In 1279, the Mongols would eventually conquer the rest of the Song Empire.