Dzungarian Basin
| Dzungaria | |||||||||||
Dzungaria
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| Chinese name | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese | 準噶爾 | ||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 准噶尔 | ||||||||||
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| Beijiang | |||||||||||
| Chinese | 北疆 | ||||||||||
| Literal meaning | Northern Xinjiang | ||||||||||
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| Mongolian name | |||||||||||
| Mongolian | Зүүнгарын нутаг | ||||||||||
| Uyghur name | |||||||||||
| Uyghur |
جوڭغار (Junghariyä)
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| Russian name | |||||||||||
| Russian | Джунгария | ||||||||||
| Romanization | Dzhungariya | ||||||||||
| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Zhǔngá'ěr |
| Wade–Giles | Chun3-ka2'-erh3 |
| IPA | [ʈʂu̯ə̀nkǎàɚ̯] |
| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Běijiāng |
| Wade–Giles | Pei3-chiang1 |
| IPA | [pèi̯tɕi̯áŋ] |
| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Latin Yëziqi | Jongghar |
| Yengi Yeziⱪ | Jongƣar |
| Siril Yëziqi | Җоңғар |
Dzungaria (also spelled Zungharia) is a geographical region in northwest China corresponding to the northern half of Xinjiang, also known as Beijiang (Chinese: 北疆; pinyin: Běijiāng; literally: "Northern Xinjiang"). Bounded by the Tian Shan mountain range to the south and the Altai Mountains to the north, it covers approximately 777,000 km2 (300,000 sq mi), extending into western Mongolia and eastern Kazakhstan. Formerly the term could cover a wider area, conterminous with the Dzungar Khanate, a state led by the native Oirats in the 18th century which was based in the area.
Although geographically, historically, and ethnically distinct from the Turkic-speaking Tarim Basin area, the Qing dynasty and subsequent Chinese governments integrated both areas into one province, Xinjiang. As the center of Xinjiang's heavy industry, generator of most of Xinjiang's GDP, as well as containing its political capital Ürümqi ("beautiful pasture" in Mongolian), northern Xinjiang continues to attract intraprovincial and interprovincial migration to its cities. In comparison to southern Xinjiang (Nanjiang, or the Tarim Basin), Dzungaria is relatively well-integrated with the rest of China by rail and trade links.
The name Dzungaria or Zungharia is a corruption of the Mongolian term "Zűn Gar" or "Jüün Gar" depending on the dialect of Mongolian used. "Zűn"/"Jüün" means "left" and "Gar" means "hand". The name originates from the notion that the Western Mongols are on the left hand side when the Mongol Empire began its division into East and West Mongols. After this fragmentation, the western Mongolian nation was called "Zuun Gar".
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Wikipedia