Duke of Zhou
| Dan | |||||||||
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| Duke of Zhou | |||||||||
Portrait of the Duke of Zhou in Sancai Tuhui
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| Issue |
Bo Qin Junchen, Duke Ping of Zhou |
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| Father | King Wen of Zhou | ||||||||
| Mother | Tai Si | ||||||||
| Full name | |
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Ancestral name: Ji (姬) Given name: Dan (旦) |
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| Posthumous name | |
| Duke Wen of Zhou (周文公) |
| Duke of Zhou | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chinese | 周公旦 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Literal meaning | "Dàn, Duke of Zhou" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Alternative Chinese name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chinese | 姬旦 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | (personal name) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
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| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Zhōu Gōng Dàn |
| Gwoyeu Romatzyh | Jou Gong Dann |
| Wade–Giles | Chou1 Kung1 Tan4 |
| IPA | [ʈʂóu kʊ́ŋ tân] |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Yale Romanization | Jāu Gūng Daan |
| Jyutping | Zau1 Gung1 Daan3 |
| Southern Min | |
| Hokkien POJ | Chiu Kong Tàn |
| Old Chinese | |
| Baxter-Sagart | *tiw C.qˤoŋ [d]ˤa[n]ʔ |
| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Jī Dàn |
| Wade–Giles | Chi1 Tan4 |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Yale Romanization | Gēi Daan |
| Jyutping | Gei1 Daan3 |
| Southern Min | |
| Hokkien POJ | Ki Tàn |
| Old Chinese | |
| Baxter-Sagart | *[k](r)ə [d]ˤa[n]ʔ |
Dan, Duke Wen of Zhou, commonly known as the Duke of Zhou (Chinese: 周公; pinyin: Zhōu Gōng) was a member of the royal family of the Zhou dynasty who played a major role in consolidating the kingdom established by his elder brother King Wu. He was renowned for acting as a capable and loyal regent for his young nephew King Cheng, and for successfully suppressing the Rebellion of the Three Guards and establishing firm rule of the Zhou dynasty over eastern China. He is also a Chinese culture hero credited with writing the I Ching and the Book of Poetry, establishing the Rites of Zhou, and creating the yayue of Chinese classical music.
His personal name was Dan (旦). He was the fourth son of King Wen of Zhou and Queen Tai Si. His eldest brother Bo Yikao predeceased their father (supposedly a victim of cannibalism); the second-eldest defeated the Shang Dynasty at the Battle of Muye around 1046 BC, ascending the throne as King Wu. King Wu distributed many fiefs to his relatives and followers and Dan received the ancestral territory of Zhou near present-day Luoyang.
Only two years after assuming power, King Wu died and left the kingdom to his young son King Cheng. The Duke of Zhou successfully attained the regency and administered the kingdom himself, leading to revolts not only from disgruntled Shang partisans but also from his own relatives, particularly his older brother Guan Shu. Within five years, the Duke of Zhou had managed to defeat the Three Guards and other rebellions and his armies pushed east, bringing more land under Zhou control.
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Wikipedia