Dirty War

Dirty War
Part of Cold War and Operation Condor
Date 1974–1983 Location Argentina Result Operativo Independencia 1976 Argentine coup d'état National Reorganization Process Operation was concluded after the Falklands War
Belligerents
Argentina Argentine Army Argentine Navy Argentine Air Force Argentine Federal Police Argentine National Gendarmerie Argentine Anticommunist Alliance Supported by:  United States  Bolivia  Brazil  Chile  Paraguay  Uruguay	ERP Montoneros Supported by:  Cuba  Soviet Union
Commanders and leaders
Juan Domingo Perón José López Rega Isabel Martínez de Perón Jorge Rafael Videla Emilio Eduardo Massera Orlando Ramón Agosti Roberto Eduardo Viola Carlos Lacoste Leopoldo Galtieri	Mario Roberto Santucho Enrique Gorriarán Merlo Benito Urteaga Mario Firmenich
Casualties and losses
500-540 military and police officials and up to 230 civilians	Estimated 8,960-30,000 leftist sympathizers

 Argentina

ERP
Montoneros

The "Dirty War" (Spanish: Guerra Sucia), was the name used by the Argentine Military Government for a period of state terrorism in Argentina from roughly 1974 to 1983 (some sources date the beginning to 1969), during which military and security forces and right-wing death squads in the form of the Argentine Anticommunist Alliance (Triple A) hunted down and killed left-wing guerrillas, political dissidents, and anyone believed to be associated with socialism. The victims of the violence were 7,158 left-wing activists, guerrillas and militants, including trade unionists, students, journalists and Marxists and Peronist guerrillas and their support network in the Montoneros believed to be 150,000-250,000-strong and 60,000-strong in the ERP, as well as alleged sympathizers. The official number of disappeared under the presidency of Néstor Kirchner was reported to be 13,000. Some 10,000 of the "disappeared" were guerrillas of the Montoneros (MPM) and the Marxist People's Revolutionary Army (ERP). although the lowest estimate is that the Montoneros and ERP had a combined strength of 5,000. The "disappeared" included those thought to be a political or ideological threat to the military junta, even vaguely, and they were killed in an attempt by the junta to silence the opposition and break the determination of the guerrillas. The worst repression reportedly occurred after the guerillas were largely defeated in 1977, when the church, labor unions, artists, intellectuals and university students and professors were targeted. Although the Montoneros reported having carried out some 600 armed attacks in 1977, the guerrilla threat had greatly declined. The junta justified this mass terror by exaggerating the guerrilla threat, and even staged attacks to be blamed on guerillas and used frozen dead bodies of guerilla fighters that had been kept in storage for this purpose. In late 1979, Amnesty International accused the Videla military government of being responsible for the disappearance of 15,000 to 20,000 Argentine citizens since the 1976 coup. That year, a special study by the New York City Bar concluded that around 10,000 Argentines had disappeared since the coup. According to Registro Unificado de Víctimas del Terrorismo de Estado (Ruvte), 662 were disappeared under the presidency of Isabel Perón and 6,348 were disappeared during the military dictatorship.

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