Coat of arms of Thunder Bay
| Thunder Bay | |||||
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| City (single-tier) | |||||
| City of Thunder Bay | |||||
Overview of Thunder Bay
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| Nickname(s): "Canada’s Gateway to the West", "T-Bay", "Lakehead" or "The Lakehead" | |||||
| Motto: Superior by Nature / The Gateway to the West | |||||
 Thunder Bay
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| Coordinates: 48°22′56″N 89°14′46″W / 48.38222°N 89.24611°WCoordinates: 48°22′56″N 89°14′46″W / 48.38222°N 89.24611°W | |||||
| Country |
 Canada
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| Province |
 Ontario
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| District | Thunder Bay District | ||||
| CMA | Thunder Bay | ||||
| Settled | 1683 as Fort Caministigoyan | ||||
| Amalgamation | 1 January 1970 | ||||
| Electoral Districts Federal |
Thunder Bay—Superior North/Thunder Bay—Rainy River |
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| Provincial | Thunder Bay—Superior North/Thunder Bay—Atikokan | ||||
| Government | |||||
| • Type | Municipal Government | ||||
| • Mayor | Keith Hobbs | ||||
| • City manager | Norm Gale | ||||
| • Governing Body | Thunder Bay City Council | ||||
| • MPs |
Patty Hajdu (Liberal) Don Rusnak (Liberal) |
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| • MPPs |
Michael Gravelle (OLP) Bill Mauro (OLP) |
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| Area | |||||
| • City (single-tier) | 447.5 km2 (172.8 sq mi) | ||||
| • Land | 328.24 km2 (126.73 sq mi) | ||||
| • Water | 119.0 km2 (45.9 sq mi) 26.6% | ||||
| • Urban | 179.38 km2 (69.26 sq mi) | ||||
| • Metro | 2,556.37 km2 (987.02 sq mi) | ||||
| Elevation | 199 m (653 ft) | ||||
| Population (2016) | |||||
| • City (single-tier) | 107,909 (46th) | ||||
| • Density | 328.7/km2 (851/sq mi) | ||||
| • Urban | 103,408 (30th) | ||||
| • Urban density | 582.9/km2 (1,510/sq mi) | ||||
| • Metro | 121,623 (32nd) | ||||
| • Metro density | 47.8/km2 (124/sq mi) | ||||
| Demonym(s) | Thunder Bayer | ||||
| Time zone | EST (UTC−5) | ||||
| • Summer (DST) | EDT (UTC−4) | ||||
| Postal code FSA | P7A to P7G, P7J, P7K | ||||
| Area code(s) | 807 | ||||
| NTS Map | 052A06 | ||||
| GNBC Code | FCWFX | ||||
| Website | www |
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Thunder Bay is a city in, and the seat of, Thunder Bay District, Ontario, Canada. It is the most populous municipality in Northwestern Ontario with a population of 108,359 as of the Canada 2011 Census, and the second most populous in Northern Ontario after Greater Sudbury. Located on Lake Superior, the census metropolitan area of Thunder Bay has a population of 121,596, and consists of the city of Thunder Bay, the municipalities of Oliver Paipoonge and Neebing, the townships of Shuniah, Conmee, O'Connor, and Gillies, and the Fort William First Nation.
European settlement in the region began in the late 17th century with a French fur trading outpost on the banks of the Kaministiquia River. It grew into an important transportation hub with its port forming an important link in the shipping of grain and other products from western Canada, through the Great Lakes and the Saint Lawrence Seaway, to the east coast. Forestry and manufacturing played important roles in the city's economy. They have declined in recent years, but have been replaced by a "knowledge economy" based on medical research and education. Thunder Bay is the site of the Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute.
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