Chong'er
| Ji Chong'er Duke Wen |
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| Duke of Jin | |||||
_by_Li_Tang_(%E6%9D%8E%E5%94%90),_1140.jpg)
Duke Wen of Jin Recovering His State by Li Tang, 1140
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| Ruler of Jin | |||||
| Reign | 636–628 BC | ||||
| Predecessor | Duke Huai of Jin | ||||
| Successor | Duke Xiang of Jin | ||||
| Born | 697 BC | ||||
| Died | 628 BC (aged 68–69) | ||||
| Spouse | Ji Kui () Qi Jiang () Huai Ying () |
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| Issue | Botiao (伯鯈) Shuliu (叔劉) Duke Xiang Prince Yong () Prince Le () Duke Cheng |
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| Father | Duke Xian of Jin | ||||
| Mother | Hu Ji | ||||
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Ancestral name: Ji Given name: Chong'er |
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| Literal meaning | Cultured Duke of Jin | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Duke Wen of Jin (697–628 BC), born Chong'er, was a scion of the royal house of Jin during the Spring and Autumn Period of Chinese history. He famously endured a long period of exile from his realm before finally being restored to power (r. 636–628 BC) and rapidly leading Jin to hegemony over the other Chinese states of his time. He is a figure in numerous Chinese legends, including those about his loyal courtier Jie Zhitui, whose death is said to have inspired China's Cold Food and Qingming Festivals.
"Duke Wen of Jin" is a posthumous name bestowed on him as part of his family's ancestral veneration. It literally means the "Cultured Duke of Jin". Duke Wen's given name was Chong'er. His clan name was Ji.
Prince Chong'er was born to Duke Xian of Jin in 697 BC. The Zuo Zhuan notes that "his ribs were all grown together," a sign of strength and leadership. Chong'er's half-brothers included Shensheng and Xiqi. While Shensheng was the original crown prince, in his later years Duke Xian favoured the concubine Li Ji, who desired her son Xiqi to be heir instead. As such, she plotted to discredit Shensheng before his father, eventually leading to Shensheng's suicide in 656 BC.
This event led to a civil war in Jin, known as the Li Ji Unrest, where Duke Xian led several campaigns against his own sons, forcing them to flee Jin. With a retinue of capable men, including Zhao Cui, Hu Yan, Wei Chou (魏犨), Jia Tuo (賈佗), Xian Zhen (先軫), and Jie Zhitui, Chong'er fled to the north. In 651 BC, after the death of Duke Xian led to a succession crisis, Chong'er was invited to return to Jin and assume the duchy, but declined; the throne passed instead to his half-brother Yiwu, who became Duke Hui of Jin.
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Wikipedia