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Chlorine trifluoride

Chlorine trifluoride
Skeletal formula of chlorine trifluoride with some measurements
Spacefill model of chlorine trifluoride
Names
Systematic IUPAC name
Trifluoro-λ3-chlorane(substitutive)
Other names
Chlorotrifluoride
Identifiers
3D model (Jmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.029.301
EC Number 232-230-4
1439
MeSH chlorine+trifluoride
PubChem CID
RTECS number FO2800000
UN number 1749
Properties
ClF3
Molar mass 92.45 g·mol−1
Appearance Colourless gas or greenish-yellow liquid
Odor sweet, pungent, irritating, suffocating
Density 4 mg cm−3
Melting point −76.34 °C (−105.41 °F; 196.81 K)
Boiling point 11.75 °C (53.15 °F; 284.90 K) (decomposes @ 180 °C (356 °F; 453 K))
Reacts violently
Solubility reacts violently with benzene, toluene, ether, alcohol, acetic acid, selenium tetrafluoride, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, alkali, hexane. Forms shock-sensitive explosive solution in CCl4
Vapor pressure 175 kPa
-26.5·10−6 cm3/mol
Viscosity 91.82 μPa s
Structure
T-shaped
Thermochemistry
281.59 J K−1mol−1
−158.87 kJ mol−1
Hazards
Main hazards explosive when exposed to organics, reacts violently with water
Safety data sheet natlex.ilo.ch
GHS pictograms The flame-over-circle pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) The corrosion pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) The skull-and-crossbones pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) The health hazard pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)
GHS signal word Danger
Oxidizing Agent O (O)
Very Toxic T+ (T+)
Dangerous for the Environment (Nature) N (N)
Corrosive C (C)
R-phrases R8, R14, R39/26/27/28, R35, R49, R46, R60, R61
S-phrases (S1/2), S17, S30, S38, S45, S53, S60, S61
NFPA 704
Flammability code 0: Will not burn. E.g., water Health code 4: Very short exposure could cause death or major residual injury. E.g., VX gas Reactivity code 3: Capable of detonation or explosive decomposition but requires a strong initiating source, must be heated under confinement before initiation, reacts explosively with water, or will detonate if severely shocked. E.g., fluorine Special hazard W+OX: Reacts with water in an unusual or dangerous manner AND is oxidizer.NFPA 704 four-colored diamond
Flash point noncombustible
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
95 ppm (rat, 4 hr)
178 ppm (mouse, 1 hr)
230 ppm (monkey, 1 hr)
299 ppm (rat, 1 hr)
US health exposure limits (NIOSH):
PEL (Permissible)
C 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m3)
REL (Recommended)
C 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m3)
IDLH (Immediate danger)
20 ppm
Related compounds
Related compounds
Chlorine pentafluoride

Chlorine monofluoride
Bromine trifluoride
Iodine trifluoride

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
YesY  (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Chlorine monofluoride
Bromine trifluoride
Iodine trifluoride

Chlorine trifluoride is an interhalogen compound with the formula ClF3. This colourless, poisonous, corrosive, and extremely reactive gas condenses to a pale-greenish yellow liquid, the form in which it is most often sold (pressurized at room temperature). The compound is primarily of interest as a component in rocket fuels, in plasmaless cleaning and etching operations in the semiconductor industry, in nuclear reactor fuel processing, and other industrial operations.

It was first reported in 1930 by Ruff and Krug who prepared it by fluorination of chlorine; this also produced ClF and the mixture was separated by distillation.

ClF3 is approximately T-shaped, with one short bond (1.598 Å) and two long bonds (1.698 Å). This structure agrees with the prediction of VSEPR theory, which predicts lone pairs of electrons as occupying two equatorial positions of a hypothetic trigonal bipyramid. The elongated Cl-F axial bonds are consistent with hypervalent bonding.

Pure ClF3 is stable to 180 °C in quartz vessels; above this temperature it decomposes by a free radical mechanism to the elements.

Reaction with several metals give chlorides and fluorides; phosphorus yields phosphorus trichloride (PCl3) and phosphorus pentafluoride (PF5); and sulfur yields sulfur dichloride (SCl2) and sulfur tetrafluoride (SF4). ClF3 also reacts explosively with water, in which it oxidizes water to give oxygen or in controlled quantities, oxygen difluoride (OF2), as well as hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen chloride. Metal oxides will react to form metal halides and oxygen or oxygen difluoride.


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