Catvāry āryasatyāni
| Translations of Four Noble Truths |
|
|---|---|
| Pali | चत्तारि अरियसच्चानि (cattāri ariyasaccāni) |
| Bengali | চতুরার্য সত্য chôturarjô sôtyô |
| Burmese |
သစ္စာလေးပါး (IPA: [θɪʔsà lé bá]) |
| Chinese |
四聖諦(T) / (S) (Pinyin: sìshèngdì) |
| Japanese |
(rōmaji: shitai) |
| Korean | (四聖諦) (sa-seong-je) |
| Mongolian | (Khutagt durvun unen) |
| Sinhala | |
| Tibetan |
འཕགས་པའི་བདེན་པ་བཞི་ (Wylie: 'phags pa'i bden pa bzhi THL: pakpé denpa shyi) |
| Thai | (ariyasaj sii) |
| Vietnamese | Tứ Diệu Đế( 四妙諦) |
| Glossary of Buddhism | |
The Four Noble Truths refer to and express the basic orientation of Buddhism in a short expression: we crave and cling to impermanent states and things, which are dukkha, "incapable of satisfying" and painful. This craving keeps us caught in samsara, the endless cycle of repeated rebirth and dying again, and the dukkha that comes with it. There is, however, a way to end this cycle, namely by attaining nirvana, cessation of craving, whereafter rebirth and associated dukkha will no longer arise again. This can be accomplished by following the eightfold path, restraining oneself, cultivating discipline, and practicing mindfulness and meditation.
In short form, the four truths are dukkha, samudaya ("arising," "coming together"), nirodha ("cessation," "confinement"), and magga, the path leading to cessation. As the "Four Noble Truths" (Sanskrit: catvāri āryasatyāni; Pali: cattāri ariyasaccāni), they are "the truths of the Noble Ones," the truths or realities which are understood by the "worthy ones" who have attained nirvana.
In the sutras, Buddhist religious texts, the four truths have both a symbolic and a propositional function. They represent the awakening and liberation of the Buddha, but also the possibility of liberation for all sentient beings, describing how release from craving is to be reached. In the Pali canon scriptures, the four truths appear in a "network of teachings," as part of "the entire dhamma matrix," which have to be taken together. They provide a conceptual framework for introducing and explaining Buddhist thought, which has to be personally understood or "experienced".
The function of the four truths, and their importance, developed over time, when prajna, or "liberating insight," came to be regarded as liberating in itself, instead of or in addition to the practice of dhyana, meditation. This "liberating insight" gained a prominent place in the sutras, and the four truths came to represent this liberating insight, as part of the enlightenment story of the Buddha.
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Wikipedia