Caius Marius

Gaius Marius
Bust of Gaius Marius at Munich Glyptothek
Consul of the Roman Republic
In office 107 BC, 104–100 BC, 1 January 86 – 13 January 86 BC
Preceded by	Marcus Aurelius Scaurus
Succeeded by	Quintus Servilius Caepio and Gaius Atilius Serranus
Personal details
Born	ca. 157 BC Arpinum, Roman Republic
Died	January 13, 86 BC (aged 70) Rome, Roman Republic
Political party	populares
Spouse(s)	Julia (paternal aunt of Julius Caesar)
Children	Young Marius

Gaius Marius (/ˈɡeɪəs ˈmɛəriəs, ˈmær-/; 157 BC – January 13, 86 BC) was a Roman general and . He held the office of consul an unprecedented seven times during his career. He was also noted for his important reforms of Roman armies, authorizing recruitment of landless citizens, eliminating the manipular military formations, and reorganizing the structure of the legions into separate cohorts. Marius defeated the invading Germanic tribes (the Teutones, Ambrones, and the Cimbri), for which he was called "the third founder of Rome." His life and career were significant in Rome's transformation from Republic to Empire.

Marius was born in 157 BC in the town of Arpinum in southern Latium. The town had been conquered by the Romans in the late 4th century BC and was given Roman citizenship without voting rights. Only in 188 BC did the town receive full citizenship. Although Plutarch claims that Marius' father was a labourer, this is almost certainly false since Marius had connections with the nobility in Rome, he ran for local office in Arpinum, and he had marriage relations with the local nobility in Arpinum, which all combine to indicate that he was born into a locally important family of equestrian status. The problems he faced in his early career in Rome show the difficulties that faced a "new man" (novus homo).