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Buwayhids

Buyid Dynasty
آل بویِه
Āl-e Buye
934–1062
The Buyid dynasty in 970
Capital Shiraz
(Buyids of Fars, 934–1062)
Ray
(Buyids of Jibal, 943–1029)
Baghdad
(Buyids of Iraq, 945–1055)
Languages
Religion Shia Islam
(also Sunni, Mu'tazila Islam Christianity, Zoroastrianism, Judaism)
Government Hereditary monarchy
Emir/Shahanshah
 •  934–949 Imad al-Dawla
 •  1048–1062 Abu Mansur Fulad Sutun
Historical era Middle Ages
 •  Established 934
 •  Imad al-Dawla proclaimed himself "Emir" 934
 •  Adud al-Dawla becomes the supreme ruler of the Buyid dynasty 979
 •  Disestablished 1062
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Samanid Empire
Ziyarids
Banu Ilyas
Ghaznavids
Great Seljuq Empire
Kakuyids
Uqaylid dynasty
Marwanids
Today part of

The Buyid dynasty or the Buyids (Persian: آل بویه‎‎ Āl-e Buye), also known as Buwaihids, Bowayhids, Buyahids, or Buyyids, was an Iranian Shia dynasty of Daylamite origin. Coupled with the rise of other Iranian dynasties in the region, the approximate century of Buyid rule represents the period in Iranian history sometimes called the 'Iranian Intermezzo' since, after the Muslim conquest of Persia, it was an interlude between the rule of the Abbasid Caliphate and the Seljuk Empire.

The Buyid dynasty was founded by 'Ali ibn Buya, who in 934 conquered Fars and made Shiraz his capital, while his younger brother Hasan ibn Buya conquered parts of Jibal in the late 930s, and by 943 managed to capture Ray, which he made his capital. In 945, the youngest brother, Ahmad ibn Buya, conquered Iraq and made Baghdad his capital, receiving the honorific title of "Mu'izz al-Dawla" ("Fortifier of the State"), while 'Ali was given the title of "'Imad al-Dawla" ("Support of the State"), and Hasan was given the title of "Rukn al-Dawla" ("Pillar of the State").

As Daylamite Iranians the Buyids consciously revived symbols and practices of Persia's Sassānid dynasty. In fact, beginning with 'Adud al-Dawla they used the ancient Sassānid title Shāhanshāh (Persian: شاهنشاه‎‎), literally "king of kings".


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