Buchach
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Buchach Бучач |
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Panoramic view of Buchach in 2012
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 Buchach
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| Coordinates: 49°05′00″N 25°24′00″E / 49.08333°N 25.40000°ECoordinates: 49°05′00″N 25°24′00″E / 49.08333°N 25.40000°E | ||
| Country |
 Ukraine
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| Oblast |
 Ternopil Oblast
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| Raion | Buchach Raion | |
| First mention | 1260 | |
| Magdeburg Rights | 1393(first), 1515(second) | |
| Government | ||
| • City Head | Iosyf Mostsipan | |
| Area | ||
| • Total | 9.98 km2 (3.85 sq mi) | |
| Population (2001 census) | ||
| • Total | 12,511 | |
| • Density | 1,253.6/km2 (3,247/sq mi) | |
| Time zone | EET (UTC+2) | |
| • Summer (DST) | EEST (UTC+3) | |
| Postal code | 48400 — 48401 | |
| Area code(s) | +380 3544 | |
| Website | http://rada.gov.ua/ | |
Buchach (Ukrainian: Бучач; Polish: Buczacz; Yiddish: בעטשאָטש; Turkish: Bucaş) is a town located on the Strypa River (a tributary of the Dniester) in Ternopil Oblast (province) of Western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Buchach Raion (district), and rests 135 kilometres (84 miles) south east of Lviv, in the historic region of Halychyna (Galicia). Prior to 1939, the city was located in Poland and Austro-Hungary. The estimated population was around 12,500, according to the 2001 Ukrainian census.
The earliest recorded mention of Buchach is in 1260 by Bartosz Paprocki in his book "Gniazdo Cnoty, zkąd herby Rycerstwa Polskiego swój początek mają", Kraków, 1578. In 1349, the region of Halychyna (Galicia) became part of the Kingdom of Poland. As a part of Ruthenian Voivodeship remained in Poland from 1434 until 1772 (see Partitions of Poland). It was during this time that the area experienced a large influx of Polish, Jewish and Armenian settlers. In the late 14th century, Polish nobleman (szlachta), Michał Awdaniec, Abdank coat of arms became the owner of the town on 1360-s or 1370-s. On July 28, 1379, M. Awdaniec founded here a Roman Catholic parish church, and built a castle. In 1393, King Władysław II Jagiełło agreed to grant Magdeburg rights to Buchach (Buczacz): it was first Magdeburg-style town, located in the Halych Land. In the early 15th century, the Awdaniec family of Buchach changed its last name into Buczacki, after its main residence. Frequent invasions of the Crimean Tatars brought destruction to the town, and in 1515, it once again received the Magdeburg rights. In 1580, local castle was rebuilt: the castle was twice besieged by the Tatars (1665, 1667), who finally captured it in 1672, during the Polish–Ottoman War (1672–76). Buchach was a temporary residence of Mehmed IV; here, on October 18, 1672, the Treaty of Buchach was signed between Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire. According to this treaty, Poland handed the provinces of Ukraine and Podolia to Turkey. As a result, until 1683 Buchach was divided into two parts: Polish and Ottoman.
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