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Battle of Poznań (1945)

Battle of Poznań
Part of Vistula–Oder Offensive, Eastern Front (WWII)
Date 24 January – 23 February 1945
Location Poznań and nearby area, Poland
Result Soviet victory
Belligerents
 Soviet Union
 Poland
 Nazi Germany
 Hungary
Commanders and leaders
Soviet Union Mikhail Katukov
Soviet Union Vasily Chuikov
Nazi Germany Ernst Mattern
Nazi Germany Ernst Gonell
Units involved
Soviet Union 1st Guards Tank Army
Soviet Union 8th Guards Army
Poland cytadelowcy
Nazi Germany Garrison of Festung Posen
Nazi Germany elements of 9th Army
Nazi Germany Volkssturm
Kingdom of Hungary (1920–46) Hungarian battalion
Strength
100,000 Soviet soldiers
5,000 Polish soldiers
15,700 fortress garrison soldiers
22,600 regular field soldiers
11,600 auxiliary forces
8,000 Volkssturm
1,100 Hungarian soldiers and mobilised Polish citizens
25,000 SS and Police soldiers
Casualties and losses
10,000 Soviet KIA
700 Polish KIA
6,000 German KIA
100 Hungarian KIA
23,000 POW

The Battle of Poznań (Battle of Posen) during World War II in 1945 was a massive assault by the Soviet Union's Red Army that had as its objective the elimination of the Nazi German garrison in the stronghold city of Poznań in occupied Poland. The defeat of the German garrison required almost an entire month of painstaking reduction of fortified positions, intense urban combat, and a final assault on the city's citadel by the Red Army, complete with medieval touches.

The city of Poznań (called Posen in German) lay in the western part of Poland which had been annexed by Nazi Germany following their invasion of Poland in 1939, and was the chief city of Reichsgau Wartheland.

By 1945, the Red Army advances on the Eastern Front had driven the Germans out of eastern Poland as far as the Vistula River. The Red Army launched the Vistula-Oder Offensive on 12 January 1945, inflicted a huge defeat on the defending German forces, and advanced rapidly into western Poland and eastern Germany.

Certain cities which lay on the path of the Soviet advance were declared by Hitler to be Festungen (strongholds), where the garrisons were ordered to mount last-ditch stands. Hitler hoped the Festung cities could hold out behind Soviet lines and interfere with the movement of supplies and lines of communication. Poznań was declared a Festung in January 1945. The city was defended by 40,000 German troops from a great variety of units including Volkssturm, Luftwaffe ground forces, police, and highly motivated officer candidates. Facing them were the experienced Guards Rifle troops of General V. I Chuikov's 8th Guards Army – the victors of Stalingrad.


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