Azuki bean
| Azuki bean/Red Mung Bean | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Adzuki beans | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Genus: | Vigna |
| Species: | V. angularis |
| Binomial name | |
|
Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi |
|
| Nutritional value per 1 Cup 230 g | |
|---|---|
| Energy | 1,233 kJ (295 kcal) |
|
56.97 g
|
|
| Dietary fiber | 16.8 g |
|
0.23 g
|
|
|
17.3 g
|
|
| Vitamins | |
| Thiamine (B1) |
(23%)
0.264 mg |
| Riboflavin (B2) |
(12%)
0.147 mg |
| Niacin (B3) |
(11%)
1.649 mg |
| Pantothenic acid (B5) |
(20%)
0.989 mg |
| Vitamin B6 |
(17%)
0.221 mg |
| Folate (B9) |
(70%)
278 μg |
| Minerals | |
| Calcium |
(6%)
64 mg |
| Iron |
(35%)
4.6 mg |
| Magnesium |
(34%)
120 mg |
| Phosphorus |
(55%)
386 mg |
| Potassium |
(26%)
1224 mg |
| Sodium |
(1%)
18 mg |
| Zinc |
(43%)
4.07 mg |
|
|
|
|
|
| Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults. Source: USDA Nutrient Database |
|
The adzuki bean (Vigna angularis; from the Japanese アズキ（小豆） (azuki?), sometimes transliterated as azuki or aduki, or English Red Mung Bean) is an annual vine widely grown throughout East Asia and the Himalayas for its small (approximately 5 mm) bean. The cultivars most familiar in Northeast Asia have a uniform red colour, however, white, black, gray, and variously mottled varieties also are known. Scientists presume Vigna angularis var. nipponensis is the progenitor.
The wild ancestor of cultivated adzuki bean is probably Vigna angularis var. nipponensis, which is distributed across Japan, Korea, China, Nepal and Bhutan.Speciation between Vigna angularis var. nipponensis and Vigna angularis var. angularis occurred around 50,000 years ago. Archaeologists estimate it was domesticated around 3000 BCE. However, adzuki beans (as well as soy beans) dating from 3000 BCE to 2000 BCE are indicated to still be largely within the wild size range. Enlarged seeds occurred during the later Bronze Age or Iron Age, periods with plough use.Domestication of adzuki beans resulted in a trade-off between yield and seed size. Cultivated adzuki beans have fewer but longer pods, fewer but larger seeds and a shorter stature, but also a smaller overall seed yield than wild forms. The exact place of domestication is not known; multiple domestication origins in northeast Asia (for example Japan, China, and Korea) have been suggested.
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