Austrian Littoral
| Austrian Littoral | ||||||||||
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Österreichisches Küstenland Litorale austriaco Avstrijsko primorje |
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| subdivision of Austria-Hungary comprising the Imperial Free City of Trieste, the Margravate of Istria, and the Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca | ||||||||||
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 Austrian Littoral within Cisleithanian Austria-Hungary
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| Capital | Trieste | |||||||||
| Languages | Italian, Slovene, Croatian, German | |||||||||
| Religion | Roman Catholic | |||||||||
| Government | Stadtholder | |||||||||
| Emperor of Austria | ||||||||||
| • | 1848–1916 | Franz Joseph I | ||||||||
| • | 1916–1918 | Karl I | ||||||||
| Statthalter of Trieste | ||||||||||
| • | 1849–1850 | Johann von Grimschitz | ||||||||
| • | 1850–1854 | Franz Graf Wimpffen | ||||||||
| • | 1867–1868 | Eduard von Bach | ||||||||
| • | 1915–1918 | Alfred von Fries-Skene | ||||||||
| Historical era | Modern history | |||||||||
| • | Spring of Nations | 4 March 1849 | ||||||||
| • | Treaty of Saint-Germain | 10 September 1919 | ||||||||
| Area | ||||||||||
| • | 1880 | 7,967 km² (3,076 sq mi) | ||||||||
| Population | ||||||||||
| • | 1880 est. | 648,000 | ||||||||
| Density | 81.3 /km² (210.7 /sq mi) | |||||||||
| • | 1910 est. | 894,287 | ||||||||
| Density | 112.2 /km² (290.7 /sq mi) | |||||||||
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The Austrian Littoral (German: Österreichisches Küstenland, Italian: Litorale Austriaco, Slovene: Avstrijsko primorje, Croatian: Austrijsko primorje, Hungarian: Osztrák Tengermellék) was established as a crown land (Kronland) of the Austrian Empire in 1849. It consisted of three regions: the Istria peninsula, Gorizia and Gradisca, and the city of Trieste. Throughout history, the region has been frequently contested, with parts of it controlled at various times by the Republic of Venice, Austria-Hungary, Italy, and Yugoslavia among others.
The Kingdom of Italy annexed it after World War I according to the Treaty of London and later Treaty of Rapallo. After World War II, it was split between Italy (West), Slovenia (North), and Croatia (South).
Trieste had strategic importance as Austria-Hungary's primary seaport and the coast of the Littoral was a resort destination, the Austrian Riviera. The region was a multi-national one, with Italians, Slovenes, Croats, Germans and Friulians being the main ethnic groups. In 1910, it had an area of 7,969 square kilometres (3,077 sq mi) and a population of 894,287.
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