Apolipoprotein C3

APOC3
Available structures PDB Human UniProt search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2JQ3
Identifiers
Aliases	APOC3, APOCIII, HALP2, apolipoprotein C3
External IDs	OMIM: 107720 HomoloGene: 81615 GeneCards: APOC3
Gene ontology Molecular function • lipid binding • lipase inhibitor activity • enzyme regulator activity • high-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding • cholesterol binding • phospholipid binding Cellular component • chylomicron • very-low-density lipoprotein particle • spherical high-density lipoprotein particle • extracellular region • early endosome • extracellular exosome • intermediate-density lipoprotein particle • extracellular space Biological process • lipoprotein metabolic process • negative regulation of cholesterol import • G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway • negative regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling • lipid transport • chylomicron remnant clearance • negative regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process • regulation of Cdc42 protein signal transduction • lipid metabolic process • negative regulation of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance • phospholipid efflux • negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance • negative regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance • retinoid metabolic process • negative regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis • lipid catabolic process • high-density lipoprotein particle remodeling • transport • cholesterol efflux • negative regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity • cholesterol homeostasis • very-low-density lipoprotein particle assembly • negative regulation of triglyceride catabolic process • negative regulation of lipid catabolic process • negative regulation of lipid metabolic process • reverse cholesterol transport • triglyceride homeostasis • triglyceride metabolic process • triglyceride catabolic process Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	345	n/a
Ensembl	ENSG00000110245	n/a
UniProt	P02656	n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_000040	n/a
RefSeq (protein)	NP_000031	n/a
Location (UCSC)	Chr 11: 116.83 – 116.83 Mb	n/a
PubMed search		n/a

ApoC-III
Identifiers
Symbol	ApoC-III
Pfam	PF05778
InterPro	IPR008403
Available protein structures: Pfam structures PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj PDBsum structure summary

Available protein structures:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

2JQ3

345

n/a

ENSG00000110245

n/a

P02656

n/a

NM_000040

n/a

NP_000031

n/a

Apolipoprotein C-III also known as apo-CIII is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOC3 gene. Apo-CIII is a component of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL).

ApoCIII is a relatively small protein containing 79 amino acids that can be glycosylated at threonine-74. The most abundant glycoforms are characterized by an O-linked disaccharide galactose linked to N-acetylgalactosamine (Gal- GalNAc), further modified with up to 2 sialic acid residues. Less abundant glycoforms are characterized by more complex and fucosylated glycan moieties.

APOC3 inhibits lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase; it is thought to inhibit hepatic uptake of triglyceride-rich particles. The APOA1, APOC3 and APOA4 genes are closely linked in both rat and human genomes. The A-I and A-IV genes are transcribed from the same strand, while the A-1 and C-III genes are convergently transcribed. An increase in apoC-III levels induces the development of hypertriglyceridemia. Recent evidences suggest an intracellular role for Apo-CIII in promoting the assembly and secretion of triglyceride-rich VLDL particles from hepatic cells under lipid-rich conditions. However, two naturally occurring point mutations in human apoC3 coding sequence, namely Ala23Thr and Lys58Glu have been shown to abolish the intracellular assembly and secretion of triglyceride-rich VLDL particles from hepatic cells.

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