UniProt
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| Content | |
| Description | UniProt is the Universal Protein resource, a central repository of protein data created by combining the Swiss-Prot, TrEMBL and PIR-PSD databases. |
| Data types captured |
Protein annotation |
| Organisms | All |
| Contact | |
| Research center | EMBL-EBI, UK; SIB, Switzerland; PIR, US. |
| Primary citation | UniProt Consortium |
| Access | |
| Data format | Custom flat file, FASTA, GFF, RDF, XML. |
| Website |
www www |
| Download URL |
www |
| Web service URL | Yes – JAVA API see info here & REST see info here |
| Tools | |
| Web | Advanced search, BLAST, ClustalO, bulk retrieval/download, ID mapping |
| Miscellaneous | |
| License | Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs |
| Versioning | Yes |
| Data release frequency |
4 weeks |
| Curation policy | Yes – manual and automatic. Rules for automatic annotation generated by database curators and computational algorithms. |
| Bookmarkable entities |
Yes – both individual protein entries and searches |
UniProt is a freely accessible database of protein sequence and functional information, many entries being derived from genome sequencing projects. It contains a large amount of information about the biological function of proteins derived from the research literature.
The UniProt consortium comprises the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI), the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), and the Protein Information Resource (PIR). EBI, located at the Wellcome Trust Genome Campus in Hinxton, UK, hosts a large resource of bioinformatics databases and services. SIB, located in Geneva, Switzerland, maintains the ExPASy (Expert Protein Analysis System) servers that are a central resource for proteomics tools and databases. PIR, hosted by the National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF) at the Georgetown University Medical Center in Washington, DC, USA, is heir to the oldest protein sequence database, Margaret Dayhoff's Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure, first published in 1965. In 2002, EBI, SIB, and PIR joined forces as the UniProt consortium.
Each consortium member is heavily involved in protein database maintenance and annotation. Until recently, EBI and SIB together produced the Swiss-Prot and TrEMBL databases, while PIR produced the Protein Sequence Database (PIR-PSD). These databases coexisted with differing protein sequence coverage and annotation priorities.
Swiss-Prot was created in 1986 by Amos Bairoch during his PhD and developed by the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and subsequently developed by Rolf Apweiler at the European Bioinformatics Institute. Swiss-Prot aimed to provide reliable protein sequences associated with a high level of annotation (such as the description of the function of a protein, its domain structure, post-translational modifications, variants, etc.), a minimal level of redundancy and high level of integration with other databases. Recognizing that sequence data were being generated at a pace exceeding Swiss-Prot's ability to keep up, TrEMBL (Translated EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Data Library) was created to provide automated annotations for those proteins not in Swiss-Prot. Meanwhile, PIR maintained the PIR-PSD and related databases, including iProClass, a database of protein sequences and curated families.
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