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Anthranilic acid

Anthranilic acid
Skeletal formula of anthranilic acid
Ball-and-stick model of the anthranilic acid molecule
Names
IUPAC name
2-Aminobenzoic acid
Other names
o-Aminobenzoic acid; 2-Aminobenzoic acid; Vitamin L1; Anthranilate
Identifiers
118-92-3 YesY
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
Interactive image
ChEBI CHEBI:30754 YesY
ChEMBL ChEMBL14173 YesY
ChemSpider 222 YesY
DrugBank DB04166 N
ECHA InfoCard 100.003.898
EC Number 204-287-5
KEGG C00108 YesY
PubChem 227
RTECS number CB2450000
Properties
C7H7NO2
Molar mass 137.14 g·mol−1
Appearance white or yellow solid
Odor odorless
Density 1.412 g/cm3
Melting point 146 to 148 °C (295 to 298 °F; 419 to 421 K)
Boiling point 200 °C (392 °F; 473 K) (sublimes)
0.572 g/100 mL (25 °C)
Solubility very soluble in chloroform, pyridine
soluble in ethanol, ether, ethyl ether
slightly soluble in trifluoroacetic acid, benzene
log P 1.21
Vapor pressure 0.1 Pa (52.6 °C)
Acidity (pKa) 2.14
-77.18·10−6 cm3/mol
1.578 (144 °C)
Thermochemistry
-380.4 KJ/mol
Hazards
Safety data sheet External MSDS
R-phrases R36 R37
S-phrases S26 S39
NFPA 704
Flammability code 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g., canola oil Health code 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g., chloroform Reactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g., liquid nitrogen Special hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
Flash point > 150 °C (302 °F; 423 K)
> 530 °C (986 °F; 803 K)
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)
 1400 mg/kg (oral, rat)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N  (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Anthranilic acid (o-amino-benzoic acid, 2-aminobenzoic acid, 2-AA, 2AA, AA) is an aromatic acid with the formula C6H4(NH2)(CO2H). The molecule consists of a substituted benzene ring, hence is classed as aromatic, with two adjacent, or "ortho-" functional groups, a carboxylic acid and an amine. The compound is consequently amphoteric. In appearance, anthranilic acid is a white solid when pure, although commercial samples may appear yellow. It is sometimes referred to as vitamin L1 and has a sweetish taste. The anion [C6H4(NH2)(CO2)]−, obtained by the deprotonation of anthranilic acid, is called anthranilate.

Although not usually referred to as such, it is an amino acid. Solid anthranilic acid consists of both the amino-carboxylic acid and the zwitterionic ammonium carboxylate forms.

Many routes to anthranilic acid have been described. Industrially it is produced from phthalic anhydride, beginning with amination:

The resulting sodium salt of phthalamic acid is decarbonylated via a Hofmann rearrangement of the amide group, induced by hypochlorite:

A related method involves treating phthalimide with sodium hypobromite in aqueous sodium hydroxide, followed by neutralization. In the era when indigo dye was obtained from plants, it was degraded to give anthranilic acid.

Anthranilic acid was first obtained by base-induced degradation of indigo.

Anthranilic acid is biosynthesized from chorismic acid. It is the precursor to the amino acid tryptophan via the attachment of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate to the amine group.


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