Angolan civil war

Angolan Civil War

Part of the Cold War

Angola

Date

11 November 1975 – 4 April 2002
(26 years, 4 months, 3 weeks and 3 days)

Location

Result

MPLA victory

Withdrawal of all foreign forces in 1989
Transition towards a multiparty political system in 1991/92
Dissolution of the armed forces of FNLA
Participation of UNITA and FNLA, as political parties, in the new political system, from 1991/92 onwards, but civil war continues
Jonas Savimbi killed in 2002
Immediate peace agreement and dissolution of the armed forces of UNITA in 2002
Resistance of FLEC continued beyond 2002

Belligerents

MK

Cuba (1975–91)

East Germany (1975–89)

Soviet Union (1975–89)

South Africa (1975–89)

Zaire (1975)

Support:

Support:

Commanders and leaders

Agostinho Neto (1975–1979)

José Eduardo dos Santos

António Franca

Valentin Varennikov

Jonas Savimbi †

Demosthenes Chilingutila

Luiz Ranque Franque

Balthazar Johannes Vorster (1978–1979)

Marais Viljoen (1979–1984)

Pieter Willem Botha (1984–1989)

Mobutu Sese Seko (1975)

Strength

MPLA troops:

40,000 (1976) – 70,000 (1987)
130,000 (2001)

Cuban troops:

35,000 – 37,000 (1982)
60,000 (1988)

Soviet troops:

Altogether 11,000 (1975 to 1991)

UNITA militants:

65,000 (1990, highest)

FNLA militants:

22,000 (1975)
4,000 – 7,000 (1976)

South African troops:

20,000 (1976)

Casualties and losses

Unknown
2,300 dead (15,000 casualties)

54 killed

Unknown
Unknown

1,804 dead (whole Border War figure)

Over 500,000 civilians dead

MPLA victory

MPLA troops:

Cuban troops:

Soviet troops:

UNITA militants:

FNLA militants:

South African troops:

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