People's Republic of Mozambique
| People's Republic of Mozambique | ||||||||||
| República Popular de Moçambique | ||||||||||
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Motto Unidade, Crítica, Unidade "Unity, Criticism, Unity" |
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Anthem Viva, Viva a FRELIMO "Long, Live FRELIMO" |
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| Capital | Maputo | |||||||||
| Languages | Portuguese | |||||||||
| Religion |
Secular state (1975–1979; 1982–1990) |
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| Government | Marxist–Leninist one-party state | |||||||||
| Head of State | ||||||||||
| • | 1975–1986 | Samora Machel | ||||||||
| • | 1986 | Political Bureau | ||||||||
| • | 1986–1990 | Joaquim Chissano | ||||||||
| Prime Minister | ||||||||||
| • | 1986–1990 | Mário da Graça | ||||||||
| Historical era | Cold War | |||||||||
| • | Established | 25 June 1975 | ||||||||
| • | Disestablished | 1 December 1990 | ||||||||
| Currency |
Escudo (MZE) (1975–1980) Metical (MZM) (1980–1990) |
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The People's Republic of Mozambique (Portuguese: República Popular de Moçambique) was a self-declared communist state that lasted from 25 June 1975 to 1 December 1990, when the country became the present-day Republic of Mozambique.
The People's Republic of Mozambique was established shortly after the country gained independence from Portugal in 1975 and the Mozambique Liberation Front ("Frelimo") established a one-party state. It was led by Samora Machel, which soon was engaged in a civil war with the Mozambique National Resistance ("Renamo"), a guerilla movement initially financed by the Republic of Rhodesia (present-day Zimbabwe), but later replaced by the Republic of South Africa, who supported and financed the group.
The People's Republic of Mozambique enjoyed close ties with the People's Republic of Angola and the Soviet Union, both of which were communist states at the given time. The People's Republic of Mozambique was also an observer of Comecon ("Council for Mutual Economic Assistance"), which was an economic organization of communist states.
While FRELIMO came to power its official political policies remained vague, but were based in progressive ideas such as building a unified nation based on racial equality, universal literacy, and the empowerment of women. In the months preceding independence, FRELIMO consolidated its presence in the south and in urban areas. This was done through the work of militant groups (grupos dinamizadores or "dynamic groups"), which also included Mozambicans of Portuguese origin. The period prior to independence was also marked by the settling of scores and public trials against members FRELIMO who had strayed from the FRELIMO party line. "Traitors", "reactionaries", and real or suspected agents of the American Central Intelligence Agency or PIDE, the Portuguese security agency.
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