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FRELIMO

Mozambique Liberation Front
Frente de Libertação de Moçambique
Abbreviation FRELIMO
Leader Filipe Nyusi
Secretary-General Eliseu Machava
Founder Eduardo Mondlane
Samora Machel
Founded 25 June 1962 (1962-06-25)
Merger of MANU, UDENAMO and UNAMI
Headquarters Dar es Salaam (1962–75)
Maputo (1975–present)
Youth wing Mozambican Youth Organisation
Women's wing Mozambican Women Organisation
Veteran's League Association of Combatants of the National Liberation Struggle
Ideology Democratic socialism
Marxism–Leninism (1977–89)
Political position Centre-left to Left-wing
International affiliation Socialist International
African affiliation Former Liberation Movements of Southern Africa
Colours      Red
Slogan Unity, Criticism, Unity
Assembly of the Republic
144 / 250
SADC PF
0 / 5
Pan-African Parliament
0 / 5
Election symbol
Drum and an ear of corn
Party flag
Mz frelimo.png
Website
www.frelimo.org.mz

The Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO) (Portuguese pronunciation: [fɾeˈlimu]), from the Portuguese Frente de Libertação de Moçambique is the dominant political party in Mozambique. Founded in 1962, FRELIMO began as a nationalist movement fighting for the independence of the Portuguese Overseas Province of Mozambique. Independence was achieved in June 1975 after the Carnation Revolution in Lisbon the previous year. At the party's 3rd Congress in February 1977, it became an officially Marxist–Leninist political party. It identified as the Frelimo Party (Partido Frelimo).

The Frelimo Party has ruled Mozambique since then, first as a one-party state. It struggled through a long civil war (1976-1992) against an anti-Communist faction known as Mozambican National Resistance or RENAMO. The insurgents from RENAMO received support from the then white-minority governments of Rhodesia and South Africa. The Frelimo Party approved a new constitution in 1990, which established a multi-party system. Since democratic elections in 1994 and subsequent cycles, Frelimo has been elected as the majority party in the parliament of Mozambique.

After World War II, while many European nations were granting independence to their colonies, Portugal, under the Estado Novo regime, maintained that Mozambique and other Portuguese possessions were overseas territories of the metropole (mother country). Emigration to the colonies soared. Calls for Mozambican independence developed rapidly, and in 1962 several anti-colonial political groups formed FRELIMO. In September 1964, it initiated an armed campaign against Portuguese colonial rule. Portugal had ruled Mozambique for more than four hundred years; not all Mozambicans desired independence, and fewer still sought change through armed revolution.


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