Angiotensin receptor
| angiotensin II receptor, type 1 | |
|---|---|
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | AGTR1 |
| Alt. symbols | AGTR1B |
| IUPHAR | 34 |
| Entrez | 185 |
| HUGO | 336 |
| OMIM | 106165 |
| RefSeq | NM_000685 |
| UniProt | P30556 |
| Other data | |
| Locus | Chr. 3 q21-q25 |
| angiotensin II receptor, type 2 | |
|---|---|
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | AGTR2 |
| IUPHAR | 35 |
| Entrez | 186 |
| HUGO | 338 |
| OMIM | 300034 |
| RefSeq | NM_000686 |
| UniProt | P50052 |
| Other data | |
| Locus | Chr. X q22-q23 |
The angiotensin receptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors with angiotensin II as their ligands. They are important in the renin-angiotensin system: they are responsible for the signal transduction of the vasoconstricting stimulus of the main effector hormone, angiotensin II.
The AT1 and AT2 receptors share a sequence identity of ~30%, but have a similar affinity for angiotensin II, which is their main ligand.
The AT1 receptor is the best elucidated angiotensin receptor.
The AT1 subtype is found in the heart, blood vessels, kidney, adrenal cortex, lung and brain and mediates the vasoconstrictor effects.
The angiotensin receptor is activated by the vasoconstricting peptide angiotensin II. The activated receptor in turn couples to Gq/11 and Gi/o and thus activates phospholipase C and increases the cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations, which in turn triggers cellular responses such as stimulation of protein kinase C. Activated receptor also inhibits adenylate cyclase and activates various tyrosine kinases.
Effects mediated by the AT1 receptor include vasoconstriction, aldosterone synthesis and secretion, increased vasopressin secretion, cardiac hypertrophy, augmentation of peripheral noradrenergic activity, vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation, decreased renal blood flow, renal renin inhibition, renal tubular sodium reuptake, modulation of central sympathetic nervous system activity, cardiac contractility, central osmocontrol and extracellular matrix formation.
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