Ammonia liquor
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| Identifiers | |||
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3D model (Jmol)
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| ChEBI | |||
| ChemSpider | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.014.225 | ||
| E number | E527 (acidity regulators, ...) | ||
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| UNII | |||
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| Properties | |||
| NH4OH or NH5O | |||
| Molar mass | 35.04 g/mol | ||
| Appearance | Colourless liquid | ||
| Odor | "Fishy", highly pungent | ||
| Density | 0.91 g/cm3 (25% w/w) 0.88 g/cm3 (35% w/w) |
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| Melting point | −57.5 °C (−71.5 °F; 215.7 K) (25% w/w) −91.5 °C (35% w/w) |
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| Boiling point | 37.7 °C (99.9 °F; 310.8 K) (25% w/w) | ||
| Miscible | |||
| -31.5·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
| Thermochemistry | |||
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Std molar
entropy (S |
111 J·mol−1·K−1 | ||
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Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH |
−80 kJ·mol−1 | ||
| Hazards | |||
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EU classification (DSD)
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 N  C
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| R-phrases | R34, R50 | ||
| S-phrases | (S1/2), S26, S36/37/39, S45, S61 | ||
| Related compounds | |||
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Other anions
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Ammonium chloride Ammonium cyanide |
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Other cations
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Tetramethylammonium hydroxide | ||
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Related compounds
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Ammonia Hydroxylamine |
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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 (what is   ?) |
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| Infobox references | |||
Ammonia solution, also known as ammonia water, ammonical liquor, ammonia liquor, aqua ammonia, aqueous ammonia, or (inaccurately) ammonia, is a solution of ammonia in water. It can be denoted by the symbols NH3(aq). It is sometimes thought of as a solution of ammonium hydroxide. Although the name ammonium hydroxide suggests an alkali with composition [NH4+][OH−], it is actually impossible to isolate samples of NH4OH. The ions NH4+ and OH− do not account for a significant fraction of the total amount of ammonia except in extremely dilute solutions.
In aqueous solution, ammonia deprotonates a small fraction of the water to give ammonium and hydroxide according to the following equilibrium:
In a 1M ammonia solution, about 1.42% of the ammonia is converted to ammonium, equivalent to a pH of 11.63. The base ionization constant is
Like other gases, ammonia exhibits decreasing solubility in solvent liquids as the temperature of the solvent increases. Ammonia solutions decrease in density as the concentration of dissolved ammonia increases. At 15.6 °C (60.1 °F), the density of a saturated solution is 0.88 g/ml and contains 35% ammonia by mass, 308 g/l w/v, (308 grams of ammonia per litre of solution) and has a molarity of approximately 18 mol L−1. At higher temperatures, the molarity of the saturated solution decreases and the density increases.
When solutions that are saturated at cold temperatures are sealed in containers and subsequently warmed, the vapor pressure of ammonia gas increases. Unsealing such containers can lead to a burst of ammonia gas. In extreme cases, the containers could rupture.
From a chemist's perspective, one should be aware that the concentration of a near-saturated solution in an open container drops continually as the container is handled in a warmer environment. Thus, old samples of ammonia solution will deviate from 18 M, as can be verified by titration.
Household ammonia is dilute ammonia, which is also an ingredient of numerous other cleaning agents, including many window cleaning formulas. In addition to use as an ingredient in cleansers with other cleansing ingredients, ammonia in water is also sold as a cleaning agent by itself, usually labeled as simply "ammonia". It may be sold plain, lemon-scented (and typically colored yellow), or pine-scented (green). Commonly available ammonia with soap added is known as "Cloudy ammonia".
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Wikipedia