American Concession (Shanghai)

Shanghai International Settlement 上海公共租界
International Settlement
← 1863–1945 →
Flag Coat of arms
Motto Omnia Juncta in Uno
Location of Shanghai International Settlement (in red) relative to the French Concession (yellow) and the Chinese zone (grey)
History
•	Established	1863
•	Disestablished	1945
Area
•	1925	22.59 km2(9 sq mi)
Population
•	1910	501,561
•	1925	1,137,298
	Density	50,345.2 /km2  (130,393.5 /sq mi)
Today part of		Huangpu District, Jing'an District, Hongkou District and Yangpu District, Shanghai Municipality

The Shanghai International Settlement (Chinese: 上海公共租界; pinyin: Shànghǎi Gōnggòng Zūjiè; Shanghainese: Zånhae Konkun Tsyga) originated from the 1863 merger of the British and American enclaves in Shanghai, parts of the Qing Empire held extraterritorially under the terms of a series of Unequal Treaties.

The settlements were established following the defeat of the Qing army by the British in the First Opium War (1839–1842). Under the terms of the Treaty of Nanking, the five treaty ports including Shanghai were opened to foreign merchants, overturning the monopoly then held by the southern port of Canton (Guangzhou) under the Canton System. The British also established a base on Hong Kong under an extensive lease. American and French involvement followed closely on the heels of the British and their enclaves were established north and south, respectively, of the British area.

Unlike the colonies of Hong Kong and Weihaiwei, which were sovereign British territories, the foreign concessions in Shanghai originally remained Chinese sovereign territory. However, during the Small Sword Society uprising of 1853–55, the Qing government gave up sovereignty in the concessions to the foreign powers in exchange of their support to suppress the rebellion. In 1854, the three countries created the Shanghai Municipal Council to serve all their interests, but, in 1862, the French concession dropped out of the arrangement. The following year the British and American settlements formally united to create the Shanghai International Settlement. As more foreign powers entered into treaty relations with China, their nationals also became part of the administration of the settlement, but it always remained a predominantly British affair until the growth of Japan's involvement in the late 1930s.

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Wikipedia