1884 Atlantic hurricane season
| 1884 Atlantic hurricane season | |
|---|---|
Season summary map
|
|
| Seasonal boundaries | |
| First system formed | September 1, 1884 |
| Last system dissipated | October 17, 1884 |
| Strongest storm | |
| Name | Two |
| • Maximum winds | 115 mph (185 km/h) |
| • Lowest pressure | 957 mbar (hPa; 28.26 inHg) |
| Seasonal statistics | |
| Total depressions | 4 |
| Total storms | 4 |
| Hurricanes | 4 |
| Major hurricanes (Cat. 3+) |
1 |
| Total fatalities | 8 |
| Total damage | Unknown |
| Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
 |
|
| Duration | September 1 – September 2 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 80 mph (130 km/h) (1-min) 997 mbar (hPa) |
| Category 3 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
 |
|
| Duration | September 3 – September 16 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 115 mph (185 km/h) (1-min) 957 mbar (hPa) |
| Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
 |
|
| Duration | September 10 – September 19 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 90 mph (150 km/h) (1-min) 979 mbar (hPa) |
| Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
 |
|
| Duration | October 7 – October 17 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 105 mph (165 km/h) (1-min) 980 mbar (hPa) |
The 1884 Atlantic hurricane season was one of only three Atlantic hurricane seasons, along with 1852 and 1858, in which every known tropical cyclone attained hurricane status. Overall, four tropical cyclones developed, three of which made landfall. The first system was initially observed over the northwestern Atlantic Ocean on September 1. It struck Newfoundland the following day, but impact there is unknown. On September 3, the next hurricane developed, though it did not effect land in its duration. The third hurricane struck Georgia, accompanied by damaging waves in north Florida.
The final storm was last noted on October 17. These dates fall within the period with the most tropical cyclone activity in the Atlantic. Only two tropical cyclones during the season existed simultaneously. The hurricane brought heavy rainfall to Jamaica, resulting in eight deaths. This storm also left damage to crops and vessels in portions of the Bahamas and Cuba. Because technologies such as satellite monitoring were not available until the 1960s, historical data on tropical cyclones from this period may not be comprehensive. An undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 has been estimated.
The season's activity was quantified by an accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) rating of 72. ACE is, broadly speaking, a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed, so storms that last a long time, as well as particularly strong hurricanes, have high ACEs. It is only calculated for full advisories on tropical systems at or exceeding 39 mph (63 km/h), which is tropical storm intensity.
The first storm of the season was spotted by the steamship State of Nebraska, while located about midway between Bermuda and Sable Island at 00:00 UTC on September 1. Initially, sustained winds of 80 mph (130 km/h) were observed, equivalent to a Category 1 hurricane. Later on September 1, the bark Engelbert lost spars and sail to the east of Sable Island. Additionally, the Naupactus encountered heavy seas and lost of portion of its deckload. Early on September 2, the hurricane weakened to a tropical storm. Shortly thereafter, it made landfall in southeastern Newfoundland. Accelerating northeastward, the storm transitioned into an extratropical cyclone around 00:00 UTC on September 3, while located about 460 mi (740 km) northeast of St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. The extratropical remnants moved east-northeastward across the Atlantic and struck Ireland, before dissipating late on September 6. This hurricane was added to HURDAT based on a study by Jose F. Partagas and Henry F. Diaz in 1996.
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