*** Welcome to piglix ***

Β-phenethylamine

Phenethylamine
Image of the phenethylamine skeleton
Ball-and-stick model of phenethylamine
Clinical data
Pronunciation /fɛnˈɛθələmiːn/
Dependence
liability		 Psychological: low–moderate
Physical: none
Addiction
liability		 None–Low (w/o an MAO-B inhibitor)
Moderate (with an MAO-B inhibitor)
Routes of
administration		 Oral (taken by mouth)
Drug class CNS stimulant
ATC code
  • none
Physiological data
Source tissues Substantia nigra pars compacta;
Ventral tegmental area;
Locus coeruleus;
many others
Target tissues System-wide
Receptors Varies greatly across species;
Human receptors: hTAAR1, hTAAR2
Precursor L-Phenylalanine
Biosynthesis Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC)
Metabolism Primarily: MAO-B
Other enzymes: MAO-A, SSAOs, PNMT, AANAT, FMO3, and others
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: Unscheduled
  • CA: Unscheduled
  • UK: Unscheduled
  • US: Unscheduled
  • UN: Unscheduled
Pharmacokinetic data
Metabolism Primarily: MAO-B
Other enzymes: MAO-A, SSAOs, PNMT, AANAT, FMO3, and others
Biological half-life Exogenous: 5–10 minutes
Endogenous: ~30 seconds
Excretion Renal (kidneys)
Identifiers
Synonyms PEA, 1-amino-2-phenylethane
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
NIAID ChemDB
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.523
Chemical and physical data
Formula C8H11N
Molar mass 121.18 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)
Density 0.9640 g/cm3
Melting point −60 °C (−76 °F)
Boiling point 195 °C (383 °F)
  

Phenethylamine (PEA), also known as β-phenylethylamine (β-PEA) and 2-phenylethan-1-amine, is an organic compound, natural monoamine alkaloid, and trace amine which acts as a central nervous system stimulant in humans.

Phenylethylamine functions as a monoaminergic neuromodulator and, to a lesser extent, a neurotransmitter in the human central nervous system. It is biosynthesized from the amino acid L-phenylalanine by enzymatic decarboxylation via the enzyme aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase. In addition to its presence in mammals, phenethylamine is found in many other organisms and foods, such as chocolate, especially after microbial fermentation. It is sold as a dietary supplement for purported mood and weight loss-related therapeutic benefits; however, orally ingested phenethylamine is primarily metabolized in the small intestine by monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) and then aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), which convert it to phenylacetic acid. This prevents significant concentrations from reaching the brain when taken in low doses.


...
Wikipedia

...